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CEP > Physical Exam > Flashcards

Physical Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Somnolent

A

Drowsy or sleepy disposition

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2
Q

Cachectic/emaciated

A

Physically wasting (extremely thin)

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3
Q

Morbidly obese

A

Large BMI

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4
Q

Nontoxic appearing

A

Well appearing patient in minimal distress (often used to describe well appearing pediatric patients)

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5
Q

Normocephalic

A

Normal appearance and size of head

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6
Q

A traumatic

A

No signs of trauma present

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7
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen

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8
Q

Pallor

A

An unhealthy paleness of skin

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9
Q

Erythema

A

Superficial reddening of the skin

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10
Q

Ecchymosis

A

An area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion aka bruise

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11
Q

Laceration

A

A cut in the skin

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12
Q

Puncture

A

A small hole in the skin

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13
Q

Wheal

A

Round, localized area of edema on the skin

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14
Q

Wheal and flare

A

A reaction rash or hives (irregular, blanch raised areas with redness)

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15
Q

Uticaria

A

Hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching

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16
Q

Maculopopular

A

Rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps)

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17
Q

Pustules

A

Small collection of pus under the skin

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18
Q

Bullae

A

Fluid filled blisters

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19
Q

Petechiae

A

A small round flat dark red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane

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20
Q

Purpura

A

Purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed)

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21
Q

Induration

A

A hardened area of normal soft tissue

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22
Q

Fluctuance

A

Movable and compressible

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23
Q

Hemangioma

A

A benign tumor consisting of blood vessels

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24
Q

Cornea

A

The transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil, lets light into the eye

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25
Q

Sclera

A

The dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball, except the part covered by the cornea

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26
Q

Conjunctiva

A

White area of the eyes

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27
Q

Icterus

A

Yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build up (often seen with jaundice)

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28
Q

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

A

Bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels

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29
Q

Extraocular movements intact (EOMI)

A

Appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with follow my finger

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30
Q

PERRL

A

Pupils equal round reactive to light

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31
Q

Papilledema

A

Swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure

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32
Q

Fundi sharp

A

Non swollen optic nerve on exam of fundus (back of eye) with ophthalmoscope

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33
Q

Visual acuity

A

Acuteness/sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart

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34
Q

Eyelid eversion

A

Flipping the eyelid for exam underneath the eyelid

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35
Q

Normal palpebral conjunctiva

A

Eyelid membrane is clear

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36
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Bulging of eyes out of socket

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37
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary rapid eye movements, often reported as horizontal, vertical or rotary

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38
Q

Erythema of the external canal

A

Redness of outer ear canal

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39
Q

Cerumen impaction

A

Excessive earwax

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40
Q

Tympanic membrane (TM)

A

Eardrum

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41
Q

Erythematous TM

A

Red color of TM

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42
Q

Bulging TM

A

Protruding/outward curvature of the TM

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43
Q

Retracted TM

A

Inward curve of the TM

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44
Q

Poor light reflect

A

Cone of light does not reflect on TM

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45
Q

Unable to visualize landmarks

A

Provider cannot see landmarks behind TM

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46
Q

Hemotympanum

A

Blood on TM

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47
Q

Mastoid tenderness

A

Tenderness over mastoid bone (located posterior to ear)

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48
Q

Clear rhinorrhea

A

Clear nasal drainage

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49
Q

Septal deviation

A

Displacement of nasal septum

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50
Q

Septal hematoma

A

Bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum

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51
Q

Dry mucus membranes

A

Dry mouth

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52
Q

Tongue laceration

A

Cut on the tongue

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53
Q

No signs of oral trauma

A

No cuts/chipped teeth etc

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54
Q

Dental caries

A

Cavity

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55
Q

Poor dentition

A

Bad teeth

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56
Q

Pericoronitis

A

Infection of the gums

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57
Q

Parotid mass

A

Enlargement of parotid gland

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58
Q

Trismus

A

Inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles

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59
Q

Normal jaw approximation

A

Normal jaw alignment

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60
Q

Malocclusion

A

Misalignment or the teeth when mouth closed

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61
Q

Uvula midline

A

No deviation of the uvula to one side or another

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62
Q

Pharyngeal erythema

A

Redness of the throat

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63
Q

Peritonsilar abscess

A

Deep abscess adjacent to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained

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64
Q

Carotid bruit

A

Abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery

65
Q

Jugular vein distension (JVD)

A

Swelling of the jugular vein, usually seen in heart failure patients

66
Q

Cervical vertebral tenderness

A

Pain along cervical spine

67
Q

No step offs or crepitus

A

No misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated

68
Q

Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy

A

Swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area

69
Q

Trachea midline

A

No deviation of trachea from its usual location

70
Q

Meningismus

A

Patient has neck stiffness, photophobia and headache which may suggest meningitis

71
Q

Nuchal rigidity

A

Neck stiffness with neck movement

72
Q

Subcutaneous emphysema

A

Gas or air present under the subcutaneous skin

73
Q

Crepitus (crepitance)

A

Crackling/popping sensation that. Provider feels under skin due to air being present in skin tissue

74
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart rate, less than 60 BPM

75
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart rate, greater than 100 BPM

76
Q

Murmur

A

An abnormal sound heard when listening to heart

77
Q

Systolic murmur

A

Heart murmur beard during systole (active pumping)

78
Q

Diastolic murmur

A

Heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling)

79
Q

Distant heart sounds

A

Faint sounding heart beat

80
Q

Runs

A

Coarse sounds produced when the heart rubs on inflamed pericardium during contractions

81
Q

Gallops

A

Extra or abnormal heart sounds (when you hear 3 or 4 as opposed to 2)

82
Q

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow breathing

83
Q

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally rapid breathing

84
Q

Apnea

A

Temporary absence or cessation of breathing

85
Q

Prolonged inspiratory/expiratory phase

A

Increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases

86
Q

Rales

A

Wet crackling sound with respirations (aka crackles)

87
Q

Rhonchi

A

A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed, plural of rhonchus

88
Q

Wheezes

A

Difficult breathing when a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passage s

89
Q

Stridor

A

Harsh or high pitched respiratory sound caused by an obstruction of the air passages

90
Q

Intercostal retractions

A

Use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress/work of breathing)- sunken intercostal muscles (can see ribs)

91
Q

Accessory muscle use

A

Using extra muscles to breathe (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm and intercostal muscles)

92
Q

Distention

A

Bloating

93
Q

Gravid

A

Pregnant

94
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

95
Q

Tympanitic

A

Sound generated by examiner tapping his finger in contact with the belly distended due to extra gas or air in the large or small bowel

96
Q

Organomegaly

A

Enlarged organ t

97
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Enlarged liver

98
Q

Spenomegaly

A

Enlarged spleen

99
Q

Murphys sign

A

Pain in right upper quadrant that may indicate gallbladder infection

100
Q

Rovsing’s sign

A

Palpation of the left lower quadrant causes right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis

101
Q

Psoas sign

A

Pain produced with bending of the patients knees to chest that may indicate appendicitis

102
Q

Heel tap test

A

Heal tapping causes pain, or jump to see if there’s pain in abdomen- may indicate appendicitis

103
Q

McBurney’s point tenderness

A

Tenderness to palpation in the mid point of the right lower quadrant which can indicate appendicitis

104
Q

Umbilical hernia

A

Outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and or bowel through belly button

105
Q

Grey Turner’s syndrome

A

Bruising in flank area (lower back area)

106
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

Bruising in skin around umbilicus

107
Q

Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVT)

A

Angle in back where kidneys are (HCP taps); left right and bilateral- if pain then possible kidney pathology

108
Q

Paraspinal muscle tenderness

A

Tenderness in muscles adjacent to spine

109
Q

Midline tenderness

A

Tenderness directly over spine

110
Q

No step offs

A

No misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine

111
Q

Straight leg raise

A

If pain indicative of herniated disk

112
Q

Saddle anesthesia

A

Loss of sensation around buttocks area

113
Q

Cervical motion tenderness (CMT)

A

Pain with movement of cervix

114
Q

Adnexal tenderness

A

Tenderness in location of the ovaries and Fallopian tubes

115
Q

As opened/closed

A

Cervical os (opening of cervix) is open or closed

116
Q

Vaginal vault

A

Vaginal canal

117
Q

POC

A

Product of conception (fetus, placenta etc)

118
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Protrusion of groin

119
Q

Cremasteric reflex

A

Upward pull of testicles and scrotum due to touch

120
Q

Paraphymosis

A

Inability to pull back foreskin back over glans penis to its normal position

121
Q

Guaiac (hemoccult) positive or negative

A

Blood present/absent in stool

122
Q

Rectal tone

A

Tone of rectal muscles during digital exam

123
Q

Melena

A

Dark, tarry like stool containing blood

124
Q

Clubbing

A

Deformity of finger/fingernail due to chronic cyanosis

125
Q

Snuff box tenderness

A

Pain in certain area of wrist indicating a possible scaphoid bone fracture

126
Q

Median/ulnar/radial sensory function

A

All these nerves run in forearm, tested in the hand exam

127
Q

Pain out of proportion

A

Excessive pain not marching the expected with pressure applied by the dr

128
Q

Valgus/varus stress test

A

Evaluation for knee instability

129
Q

Homan’s sign

A

Pain in calf or popliteal region

130
Q

Pitting edema

A

Persistent indentation of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema

131
Q

AKA/BKA

A

Above/below knee amputation (R OR L)

132
Q

Ligamentous laxity

A

Loose ligaments

133
Q

McMurray’s test

A

Rotation of knee causes pain

134
Q

Lachman’s test

A

Pivot shift test causes pain

135
Q

Bursa

A

Small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint

136
Q

Aphasia

A

Loss of ability to express or understand speech

137
Q

Dysphasia

A

Having a difficult time finding what words to say

138
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficult time communicating or articulating (i.e. Slurred speech)

139
Q

Purposeful movements

A

Patients moves upon painful stimulation

140
Q

Glasgow coma scale (GCS)

A

Scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic injury

141
Q

Localizes to pain

A

Withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied

142
Q

Grip strength

A

Tested usually by patient gripping HCP’s fingers (L, R, Bi)

143
Q

Pronator drift

A

Hold palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)

144
Q

Dysmetria

A

Finger to nose exam

145
Q

Dysdiadochokinesia

A

Inability to preform rapid alternating movement

146
Q

Ataxic gait

A

Walking abnormally and or unsteadily

147
Q

Heel to shin test

A

Test for coordination

148
Q

Romberg’s test

A

Patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance

149
Q

Heel toe gait

A

Tests stability of patients gait

150
Q

Babinski sign

A

A reflex, swipe sole of foo to see if big toe flexes up

151
Q

Reflexes

A

Involuntary/instantaneous movement

152
Q

Affect

A

The observed emotional state of a person

153
Q

Orientation

A

Orientation to person place time and event (A/O x 4)

154
Q

Hallucinations (auditory or visual)

A

An experience involving the apparent perception of something not present

155
Q

Suicidal (SI) or homicidal (HI) ideations

A

Thoughts of suicide or homicide

156
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of skin due to abnormal bilirubin build up

157
Q

Abrasion

A

Superficial wound to top most layer of skin t

158
Q

Contusion

A

Region of skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured AKA bruise

CEP (6 decks)

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