Physical Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Somnolent
A
Drowsy or sleepy disposition
2
Q
Cachectic/emaciated
A
Physically wasting (extremely thin)
3
Q
Morbidly obese
A
Large BMI
4
Q
Nontoxic appearing
A
Well appearing patient in minimal distress (often used to describe well appearing pediatric patients)
5
Q
Normocephalic
A
Normal appearance and size of head
6
Q
A traumatic
A
No signs of trauma present
7
Q
Cyanosis
A
Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
8
Q
Pallor
A
An unhealthy paleness of skin
9
Q
Erythema
A
Superficial reddening of the skin
10
Q
Ecchymosis
A
An area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion aka bruise
11
Q
Laceration
A
A cut in the skin
12
Q
Puncture
A
A small hole in the skin
13
Q
Wheal
A
Round, localized area of edema on the skin
14
Q
Wheal and flare
A
A reaction rash or hives (irregular, blanch raised areas with redness)
15
Q
Uticaria
A
Hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching
16
Q
Maculopopular
A
Rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps)
17
Q
Pustules
A
Small collection of pus under the skin
18
Q
Bullae
A
Fluid filled blisters
19
Q
Petechiae
A
A small round flat dark red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane
20
Q
Purpura
A
Purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed)
21
Q
Induration
A
A hardened area of normal soft tissue
22
Q
Fluctuance
A
Movable and compressible
23
Q
Hemangioma
A
A benign tumor consisting of blood vessels
24
Q
Cornea
A
The transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil, lets light into the eye
25
Sclera
The dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball, except the part covered by the cornea
26
Conjunctiva
White area of the eyes
27
Icterus
Yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build up (often seen with jaundice)
28
Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Bright red patches in conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels
29
Extraocular movements intact (EOMI)
Appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with follow my finger
30
PERRL
Pupils equal round reactive to light
31
Papilledema
Swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure
32
Fundi sharp
Non swollen optic nerve on exam of fundus (back of eye) with ophthalmoscope
33
Visual acuity
Acuteness/sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart
34
Eyelid eversion
Flipping the eyelid for exam underneath the eyelid
35
Normal palpebral conjunctiva
Eyelid membrane is clear
36
Exophthalmos
Bulging of eyes out of socket
37
Nystagmus
Involuntary rapid eye movements, often reported as horizontal, vertical or rotary
38
Erythema of the external canal
Redness of outer ear canal
39
Cerumen impaction
Excessive earwax
40
Tympanic membrane (TM)
Eardrum
41
Erythematous TM
Red color of TM
42
Bulging TM
Protruding/outward curvature of the TM
43
Retracted TM
Inward curve of the TM
44
Poor light reflect
Cone of light does not reflect on TM
45
Unable to visualize landmarks
Provider cannot see landmarks behind TM
46
Hemotympanum
Blood on TM
47
Mastoid tenderness
Tenderness over mastoid bone (located posterior to ear)
48
Clear rhinorrhea
Clear nasal drainage
49
Septal deviation
Displacement of nasal septum
50
Septal hematoma
Bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum
51
Dry mucus membranes
Dry mouth
52
Tongue laceration
Cut on the tongue
53
No signs of oral trauma
No cuts/chipped teeth etc
54
Dental caries
Cavity
55
Poor dentition
Bad teeth
56
Pericoronitis
Infection of the gums
57
Parotid mass
Enlargement of parotid gland
58
Trismus
Inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles
59
Normal jaw approximation
Normal jaw alignment
60
Malocclusion
Misalignment or the teeth when mouth closed
61
Uvula midline
No deviation of the uvula to one side or another
62
Pharyngeal erythema
Redness of the throat
63
Peritonsilar abscess
Deep abscess adjacent to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained
64
Carotid bruit
Abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery
65
Jugular vein distension (JVD)
Swelling of the jugular vein, usually seen in heart failure patients
66
Cervical vertebral tenderness
Pain along cervical spine
67
No step offs or crepitus
No misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated
68
Anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area
69
Trachea midline
No deviation of trachea from its usual location
70
Meningismus
Patient has neck stiffness, photophobia and headache which may suggest meningitis
71
Nuchal rigidity
Neck stiffness with neck movement
72
Subcutaneous emphysema
Gas or air present under the subcutaneous skin
73
Crepitus (crepitance)
Crackling/popping sensation that. Provider feels under skin due to air being present in skin tissue
74
Bradycardia
Slow heart rate, less than 60 BPM
75
Tachycardia
Fast heart rate, greater than 100 BPM
76
Murmur
An abnormal sound heard when listening to heart
77
Systolic murmur
Heart murmur beard during systole (active pumping)
78
Diastolic murmur
Heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling)
79
Distant heart sounds
Faint sounding heart beat
80
Runs
Coarse sounds produced when the heart rubs on inflamed pericardium during contractions
81
Gallops
Extra or abnormal heart sounds (when you hear 3 or 4 as opposed to 2)
82
Bradypnea
Abnormally slow breathing
83
Tachypnea
Abnormally rapid breathing
84
Apnea
Temporary absence or cessation of breathing
85
Prolonged inspiratory/expiratory phase
Increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases
86
Rales
Wet crackling sound with respirations (aka crackles)
87
Rhonchi
A whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed, plural of rhonchus
88
Wheezes
Difficult breathing when a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passage s
89
Stridor
Harsh or high pitched respiratory sound caused by an obstruction of the air passages
90
Intercostal retractions
Use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicates severe respiratory distress/work of breathing)- sunken intercostal muscles (can see ribs)
91
Accessory muscle use
Using extra muscles to breathe (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm and intercostal muscles)
92
Distention
Bloating
93
Gravid
Pregnant
94
Ascites
Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
95
Tympanitic
Sound generated by examiner tapping his finger in contact with the belly distended due to extra gas or air in the large or small bowel
96
Organomegaly
Enlarged organ t
97
Hepatomegaly
Enlarged liver
98
Spenomegaly
Enlarged spleen
99
Murphys sign
Pain in right upper quadrant that may indicate gallbladder infection
100
Rovsing's sign
Palpation of the left lower quadrant causes right lower quadrant pain that may indicate appendicitis
101
Psoas sign
Pain produced with bending of the patients knees to chest that may indicate appendicitis
102
Heel tap test
Heal tapping causes pain, or jump to see if there's pain in abdomen- may indicate appendicitis
103
McBurney's point tenderness
Tenderness to palpation in the mid point of the right lower quadrant which can indicate appendicitis
104
Umbilical hernia
Outward protrusion of intra-abdominal tissue and or bowel through belly button
105
Grey Turner's syndrome
Bruising in flank area (lower back area)
106
Cullen's sign
Bruising in skin around umbilicus
107
Costovertebral angle tenderness (CVT)
Angle in back where kidneys are (HCP taps); left right and bilateral- if pain then possible kidney pathology
108
Paraspinal muscle tenderness
Tenderness in muscles adjacent to spine
109
Midline tenderness
Tenderness directly over spine
110
No step offs
No misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine
111
Straight leg raise
If pain indicative of herniated disk
112
Saddle anesthesia
Loss of sensation around buttocks area
113
Cervical motion tenderness (CMT)
Pain with movement of cervix
114
Adnexal tenderness
Tenderness in location of the ovaries and Fallopian tubes
115
As opened/closed
Cervical os (opening of cervix) is open or closed
116
Vaginal vault
Vaginal canal
117
POC
Product of conception (fetus, placenta etc)
118
Inguinal hernia
Protrusion of groin
119
Cremasteric reflex
Upward pull of testicles and scrotum due to touch
120
Paraphymosis
Inability to pull back foreskin back over glans penis to its normal position
121
Guaiac (hemoccult) positive or negative
Blood present/absent in stool
122
Rectal tone
Tone of rectal muscles during digital exam
123
Melena
Dark, tarry like stool containing blood
124
Clubbing
Deformity of finger/fingernail due to chronic cyanosis
125
Snuff box tenderness
Pain in certain area of wrist indicating a possible scaphoid bone fracture
126
Median/ulnar/radial sensory function
All these nerves run in forearm, tested in the hand exam
127
Pain out of proportion
Excessive pain not marching the expected with pressure applied by the dr
128
Valgus/varus stress test
Evaluation for knee instability
129
Homan's sign
Pain in calf or popliteal region
130
Pitting edema
Persistent indentation of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excess edema
131
AKA/BKA
Above/below knee amputation (R OR L)
132
Ligamentous laxity
Loose ligaments
133
McMurray's test
Rotation of knee causes pain
134
Lachman's test
Pivot shift test causes pain
135
Bursa
Small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint
136
Aphasia
Loss of ability to express or understand speech
137
Dysphasia
Having a difficult time finding what words to say
138
Dysarthria
Difficult time communicating or articulating (i.e. Slurred speech)
139
Purposeful movements
Patients moves upon painful stimulation
140
Glasgow coma scale (GCS)
Scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic injury
141
Localizes to pain
Withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied
142
Grip strength
Tested usually by patient gripping HCP's fingers (L, R, Bi)
143
Pronator drift
Hold palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)
144
Dysmetria
Finger to nose exam
145
Dysdiadochokinesia
Inability to preform rapid alternating movement
146
Ataxic gait
Walking abnormally and or unsteadily
147
Heel to shin test
Test for coordination
148
Romberg's test
Patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance
149
Heel toe gait
Tests stability of patients gait
150
Babinski sign
A reflex, swipe sole of foo to see if big toe flexes up
151
Reflexes
Involuntary/instantaneous movement
152
Affect
The observed emotional state of a person
153
Orientation
Orientation to person place time and event (A/O x 4)
154
Hallucinations (auditory or visual)
An experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
155
Suicidal (SI) or homicidal (HI) ideations
Thoughts of suicide or homicide
156
Jaundice
Yellowing of skin due to abnormal bilirubin build up
157
Abrasion
Superficial wound to top most layer of skin t
158
Contusion
Region of skin in which blood capillaries are ruptured AKA bruise
