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CEP > Common Medical Conditions > Flashcards

Common Medical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Plaque builds up on the walls of the blood vessels, worsened by high CHO diet

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2
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries (thus oxygen delivery) to the heart muscle

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3
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

Sudden reduced blood flow to one or more coronary arteries that can result in cardiac muscle death if untreated

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4
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by an inadequate blood supply to heart muscle

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5
Q

Unstable angina

A

Condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly completely blocked, results in heart muscle death (heart attack)

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6
Q

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

A

Sudden blockage of a coronary artery WITH EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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7
Q

Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)

A

Sudden blockage of a coronary WITHOUT EKG findings significant for a ST segment elevation

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8
Q

Cardiac dysrhythmia

A

Abnormality in the physiological rate or rhythm of heart

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9
Q

Supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

An abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in heart, originates at or above AV node

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10
Q

Atrial fibrillation (a fib)

A

Irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria

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11
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

Abnormal heart rhythm that arises from Improper electrical conduction in ventricles

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12
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Condition in which heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet body’s needs resulting in buildup of fluid in extremities or lungs

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13
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

High blood pressure

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14
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

High lipid levels

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15
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

High cholesterol levels

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16
Q

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

A

An infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria or viruses, aka common cold

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17
Q

Influenza

A

Infection of upper respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses, aka Flu

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18
Q

Bronchitis

A

Inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes

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19
Q

Pneumonia

A

Inflammation or infection of one or both lungs

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20
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity and can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of lungs

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21
Q

Empyema

A

Presence of pus in body cavity

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22
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX)

A

Abnormal collection of air in pleural space which can cause all or part of lung to collapse

23
Q

Hemothorax (HTX)

A

Abnormal accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

24
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucus production and airway narrowing

25
Q

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

A

Chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow in lungs and is not fully reversible, often associated with smoking

26
Q

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

A

Blood clot in one or more of pulmonary arteries

27
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Blood clot in deep venous system of arms or legs which can break off and cause PE. Not a respiratory system disease

28
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of appendix, generally caused by infection

29
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of lining of stomach

30
Q

Gastroesophogeal reflux disease ( GERD)

A

Acid reflux, aka heartburn

31
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation/infection of stomach and intestines which causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea

32
Q

Biliary colic

A

Pain in gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bike flow

33
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation/infection of gallbladder

34
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Gallstones that become stuck in bile ducts

35
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of pancreas

36
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver

37
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Liver disease, chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

38
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid in peritoneal cavity, most often caused by liver cirrhosis or tumors

39
Q

Small bowel obstruction (SBO)

A

Blockage in intestinal tract

40
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Finger like projections in large intestine called diverticuli

41
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation/infection of diverticuli requiring antibiotic treatment

42
Q

Gastrointestinal bleed ( GI bleed)

A

Bleeding in upper or lower GI tract

43
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen veins in lower rectum

44
Q

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

A

Stroke- two types 1. Ischemic 2. Hemorrhagic

45
Q

Ischemic CVA

A

Stroke caused by sudden blockage of a blood vessel in brain

46
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA

A

Stroke caused by sudden bleeding in brain

47
Q

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

A

Bleeding within subarachnoid space (area between brain and thin tissues that cover brain), usually caused by ruptured brain aneurysm or AVM (anteriovenous malformation)

48
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

Stroke like symptoms that completely resolve in less than 24 hours

49
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Paralysis of facial nerve (cranial nerve 7) causing muscular weakness to one side of face, can be confused with stroke

50
Q

Seizure

A

Uncontrolled electrical activity in brain that may cause physical convulsions

51
Q

Pseudoseizure

A

Psychogenic non epileptic seizures that can either be organic or psychogenic (some people fake for attention)

52
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of meninges of brain and spinal cord, more often caused by bacterial or viral infection

53
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of brain tissue, usually caused by infection

CEP (6 decks)

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