Common Medical Conditions

Question 1

Atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Plaque builds up on the walls of the blood vessels, worsened by high CHO diet

Question 2

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 2

Caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries (thus oxygen delivery) to the heart muscle

Question 3

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Answer 3

Sudden reduced blood flow to one or more coronary arteries that can result in cardiac muscle death if untreated

Question 4

Angina

Answer 4

Chest pain caused by an inadequate blood supply to heart muscle

Question 5

Unstable angina

Answer 5

Condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly completely blocked, results in heart muscle death (heart attack)

Question 6

ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Answer 6

Sudden blockage of a coronary artery WITH EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

Question 7

Non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)

Answer 7

Sudden blockage of a coronary WITHOUT EKG findings significant for a ST segment elevation

Question 8

Cardiac dysrhythmia

Answer 8

Abnormality in the physiological rate or rhythm of heart

Question 9

Supra ventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Answer 9

An abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in heart, originates at or above AV node

Question 10

Atrial fibrillation (a fib)

Answer 10

Irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria

Question 11

Ventricular tachycardia

Answer 11

Abnormal heart rhythm that arises from Improper electrical conduction in ventricles

Question 12

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

Answer 12

Condition in which heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet body’s needs resulting in buildup of fluid in extremities or lungs

Question 13

Hypertension (HTN)

Answer 13

High blood pressure

Question 14

Hyperlipidemia

Answer 14

High lipid levels

Question 15

Hypercholesterolemia

Answer 15

High cholesterol levels

Question 16

Upper respiratory infection (URI)

Answer 16

An infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria or viruses, aka common cold

Question 17

Influenza

Answer 17

Infection of upper respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses, aka Flu

Question 18

Bronchitis

Answer 18

Inflammation of lining of bronchial tubes

Question 19

Pneumonia

Answer 19

Inflammation or infection of one or both lungs

Question 20

Pleural effusion

Answer 20

Excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity and can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of lungs

Question 21

Empyema

Answer 21

Presence of pus in body cavity

Question 22

Pneumothorax (PTX)

Answer 22

Abnormal collection of air in pleural space which can cause all or part of lung to collapse

Question 23

Hemothorax (HTX)

Answer 23

Abnormal accumulation of blood in pleural cavity

Question 24

Asthma

Answer 24

Chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucus production and airway narrowing

Question 25

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Answer 25

Chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow in lungs and is not fully reversible, often associated with smoking

Question 26

Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Answer 26

Blood clot in one or more of pulmonary arteries

Question 27

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 27

Blood clot in deep venous system of arms or legs which can break off and cause PE. Not a respiratory system disease

Question 28

Appendicitis

Answer 28

Inflammation of appendix, generally caused by infection

Question 29

Gastritis

Answer 29

Inflammation of lining of stomach

Question 30

Gastroesophogeal reflux disease ( GERD)

Answer 30

Acid reflux, aka heartburn

Question 31

Gastroenteritis

Answer 31

Inflammation/infection of stomach and intestines which causes nausea, vomiting and diarrhea

Question 32

Biliary colic

Answer 32

Pain in gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bike flow

Question 33

Cholecystitis

Answer 33

Inflammation/infection of gallbladder

Question 34

Choledocholithiasis

Answer 34

Gallstones that become stuck in bile ducts

Question 35

Pancreatitis

Answer 35

Inflammation of pancreas

Question 36

Hepatitis

Answer 36

Inflammation of liver

Question 37

Cirrhosis

Answer 37

Liver disease, chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

Question 38

Ascites

Answer 38

Fluid in peritoneal cavity, most often caused by liver cirrhosis or tumors

Question 39

Small bowel obstruction (SBO)

Answer 39

Blockage in intestinal tract

Question 40

Diverticulosis

Answer 40

Finger like projections in large intestine called diverticuli

Question 41

Diverticulitis

Answer 41

Inflammation/infection of diverticuli requiring antibiotic treatment

Question 42

Gastrointestinal bleed ( GI bleed)

Answer 42

Bleeding in upper or lower GI tract

Question 43

Hemorrhoids

Answer 43

Swollen veins in lower rectum

Question 44

Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Answer 44

Stroke- two types 1. Ischemic 2. Hemorrhagic

Question 45

Ischemic CVA

Answer 45

Stroke caused by sudden blockage of a blood vessel in brain

Question 46

Hemorrhagic CVA

Answer 46

Stroke caused by sudden bleeding in brain

Question 47

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

Answer 47

Bleeding within subarachnoid space (area between brain and thin tissues that cover brain), usually caused by ruptured brain aneurysm or AVM (anteriovenous malformation)

Question 48

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 48

Stroke like symptoms that completely resolve in less than 24 hours

Question 49

Bell's Palsy

Answer 49

Paralysis of facial nerve (cranial nerve 7) causing muscular weakness to one side of face, can be confused with stroke

Question 50

Seizure

Answer 50

Uncontrolled electrical activity in brain that may cause physical convulsions

Question 51

Pseudoseizure

Answer 51

Psychogenic non epileptic seizures that can either be organic or psychogenic (some people fake for attention)

Question 52

Meningitis

Answer 52

Inflammation of meninges of brain and spinal cord, more often caused by bacterial or viral infection

Question 53

Encephalitis

Answer 53

Inflammation of brain tissue, usually caused by infection