Physical Domain Flashcards
Growth is in an orderly, predictable sequence. What direction of physical growth describes pediatrics?
Cephalo —–> caudal (head to feet)
Proximal ——> distal (middle to out)
What influences physical development?
ethnicity
genetics
culture
individual variability
Provide important facts regarding breastfeeding
- perfect food for humans and cannot be duplicated
- decreases illnesses in infants
- maternal antibodies are transferred to infants
- decreases GI problems such as GERD
- decreases allergies as breast milk contains anti-inflammatory agents to decrease atopy(genetic tendency to develop allergic disease aka allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis); fewer allergies in children who are breastfed
- breastfeeding during painful procedure provides analgesia
- the longer the mother breastfeeds, the lower risk of obesity in the child; independent of (regardless of) education and socioeconomic status.
When breastfeeding pain provide the following guidance
- Ensure proper latching/unlatching from infant
- keep nipples dry after feeding to avoid thrush
- apply cold compresses to avoid swelling
- check for milk blebs (i.e., blocked nipple pores).
How long should babies be exclusively breastfed?
6 months
Should babies be fed on demand or on a schedule
On demand
How do parents know a baby is growing
weight gain
How many wet diapers a day should baby have?
6
Discuss vitamin D supplementation
400 international units (IU) at 2 months of age to adolescence
Discuss vitamin B12 supplementation
should be taken by breastfeeding mothers who are strict vegetarians (to prevent neurological abnormalities)
Discuss iron supplementation
for exclusively breastfed babies starting at 6 months of age until infant is taking 2 or more servings of iron fortified cereal daily. 1 mg/kg/day
Dose of infant iron supplementation
1 mg/kg/day
Where should babies get iron intake?
fortified cereals
Discuss fluoride supplementation
only when local water supply is deficient
not needed during first 6 months of life
Weight gain progression
- Initial 7% to 10% weight loss
- Regained within 10-14 days
- Doubles by 4 months
- Triples by 1 year
- Quadruples by 2-2 1/2 years
- Three years old through school age gain 4-6 lb annually.
- school-aged children gain 5-7 lb annually
how many pounds do children gain per inch of height
2-3 lb per inch
When do children quadruple their weight
2 - 2 1/2 years
When do infants double their weight
4 months
When do infants triple their weight
1 year
How many pounds per year do toddlers ( 3 years) to school-age gain
4-6 lb per year
How many pounds per year do school-aged children gain
5 - 7 lb per year
typical percentage of weight loss for newborn
7% - 10%
At what time period do newborns regain lost weight
10 -14 days
What is the typical eruption of baby teeth?
Mandibular (bottom jaw), then maxillary (upper jaw), incisors (central/lateral; 4), cuspids (canine), molars (2)
predictable - proximal to distal
When do primary teeth come in?
central incisor —- 8-12 months
lateral incisor —- 9-13 months
cuspid —–16-22 months
first molar —– 13 - 19 months or 1 year to 1 1/2 years
second molar —– 25-33 months
When does the first tooth come in
8-12 months
mandibular (bottom jaw)
When does the first molar come in
13 - 19 months or 1 to 1 1/2 years
When does second incisor come in in infant
9 -13 months
when do cuspids appear in infant
16- 22 months
When do second molars appear infants
25-33 months
When do permanent teeth come in?
first molar — 6-7 years
central incisor — 6-7 years
lateral incisor —- 7-9 years
cuspid — 9-12 years
first bicuspid — 10-11 years
second bicuspid — 10-12 years
second molar 11-13 years
What age does first permanent tooth come in and which tooth is it?
6- 7 years — first molar
what age does permanent central incisor come in
6-7 years
What age does permanent lateral incisor appear
7-9 years
permanent cuspid appear?
9-12 years
the first bicuspid permanent tooth appears?
10-11 years
the second bicuspid permanent tooth appears?
10-12 years
the second permanent molar appears?
11-13 years
