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Growth and Development > Physical Domain > Flashcards

Physical Domain Flashcards

1
Q

Growth is in an orderly, predictable sequence. What direction of physical growth describes pediatrics?

A

Cephalo —–> caudal (head to feet)
Proximal ——> distal (middle to out)

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2
Q

What influences physical development?

A

ethnicity
genetics
culture
individual variability

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3
Q

Provide important facts regarding breastfeeding

A
  1. perfect food for humans and cannot be duplicated
  2. decreases illnesses in infants
  3. maternal antibodies are transferred to infants
  4. decreases GI problems such as GERD
  5. decreases allergies as breast milk contains anti-inflammatory agents to decrease atopy(genetic tendency to develop allergic disease aka allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis); fewer allergies in children who are breastfed
  6. breastfeeding during painful procedure provides analgesia
  7. the longer the mother breastfeeds, the lower risk of obesity in the child; independent of (regardless of) education and socioeconomic status.
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4
Q

When breastfeeding pain provide the following guidance

A
  1. Ensure proper latching/unlatching from infant
  2. keep nipples dry after feeding to avoid thrush
  3. apply cold compresses to avoid swelling
  4. check for milk blebs (i.e., blocked nipple pores).
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5
Q

How long should babies be exclusively breastfed?

A

6 months

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6
Q

Should babies be fed on demand or on a schedule

A

On demand

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7
Q

How do parents know a baby is growing

A

weight gain

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8
Q

How many wet diapers a day should baby have?

A

6

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9
Q

Discuss vitamin D supplementation

A

400 international units (IU) at 2 months of age to adolescence

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10
Q

Discuss vitamin B12 supplementation

A

should be taken by breastfeeding mothers who are strict vegetarians (to prevent neurological abnormalities)

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11
Q

Discuss iron supplementation

A

for exclusively breastfed babies starting at 6 months of age until infant is taking 2 or more servings of iron fortified cereal daily. 1 mg/kg/day

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12
Q

Dose of infant iron supplementation

A

1 mg/kg/day

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13
Q

Where should babies get iron intake?

A

fortified cereals

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14
Q

Discuss fluoride supplementation

A

only when local water supply is deficient
not needed during first 6 months of life

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15
Q

Weight gain progression

A
  1. Initial 7% to 10% weight loss
  2. Regained within 10-14 days
  3. Doubles by 4 months
  4. Triples by 1 year
  5. Quadruples by 2-2 1/2 years
  6. Three years old through school age gain 4-6 lb annually.
  7. school-aged children gain 5-7 lb annually
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16
Q

how many pounds do children gain per inch of height

A

2-3 lb per inch

17
Q

When do children quadruple their weight

A

2 - 2 1/2 years

18
Q

When do infants double their weight

A

4 months

19
Q

When do infants triple their weight

A

1 year

20
Q

How many pounds per year do toddlers ( 3 years) to school-age gain

A

4-6 lb per year

21
Q

How many pounds per year do school-aged children gain

A

5 - 7 lb per year

22
Q

typical percentage of weight loss for newborn

A

7% - 10%

23
Q

At what time period do newborns regain lost weight

A

10 -14 days

24
Q

What is the typical eruption of baby teeth?

A

Mandibular (bottom jaw), then maxillary (upper jaw), incisors (central/lateral; 4), cuspids (canine), molars (2)

predictable - proximal to distal

25
Q

When do primary teeth come in?

A

central incisor —- 8-12 months
lateral incisor —- 9-13 months
cuspid —–16-22 months
first molar —– 13 - 19 months or 1 year to 1 1/2 years
second molar —– 25-33 months

26
Q

When does the first tooth come in

A

8-12 months
mandibular (bottom jaw)

27
Q

When does the first molar come in

A

13 - 19 months or 1 to 1 1/2 years

28
Q

When does second incisor come in in infant

A

9 -13 months

29
Q

when do cuspids appear in infant

A

16- 22 months

30
Q

When do second molars appear infants

A

25-33 months

31
Q

When do permanent teeth come in?

A

first molar — 6-7 years
central incisor — 6-7 years
lateral incisor —- 7-9 years
cuspid — 9-12 years
first bicuspid — 10-11 years
second bicuspid — 10-12 years
second molar 11-13 years

32
Q

What age does first permanent tooth come in and which tooth is it?

A

6- 7 years — first molar

33
Q

what age does permanent central incisor come in

A

6-7 years

34
Q

What age does permanent lateral incisor appear

A

7-9 years

35
Q

permanent cuspid appear?

A

9-12 years

36
Q

the first bicuspid permanent tooth appears?

A

10-11 years

37
Q

the second bicuspid permanent tooth appears?

A

10-12 years

38
Q

the second permanent molar appears?

A

11-13 years

Growth and Development (6 decks)

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