Physical Development in Infancy Flashcards

Physical growth, motor, sensory and perceptual development in infants

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1
Q

cephalocaudal pattern

A

sequence in which growth proceeds from top to bottom

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2
Q

proximodistal pattern

A

sequence in which growth starts at the center of the body and moves toward extremities

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3
Q

dendritic spreading

A

during first year of life, increases connections between neurons

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4
Q

myelination

A

speeds conduction of nerve impulses

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5
Q

laterilazition

A

specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain

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6
Q

neuroconstructivist view

A

biological processes and environmental conditions influence brain’s development, brain has plasticity & is context dependent, cognitive development is closely linked to development of brain

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7
Q

dynamic systems view

A

Perception and action are coupled. Motor skills are the result of many converging factors (development of nervous system, ability of body to move, goal motivating movement & environmental support for movement)

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8
Q

automatic reflexes

A

rooting, sucking, grasping, Moro reflex. Disappear after 3-4 months

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9
Q

permanent reflexes

A

coughing, blinking, sneezing. Persist throughout life

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10
Q

gross motor skills

A

large muscle activities - posture and walking

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11
Q

fine motor skills

A

finely tuned movements - reaching and grasping

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12
Q

sensation

A

occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors

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13
Q

perception

A

the interpretation of sensation

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14
Q

ecological view

A

Developed by Gibsons. States we directly perceive information that exists in the world around us. Perception brings people in contact with the environment to interact with and adapt to it.

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15
Q

affordances

A

According to ecological view, they provide opportunities for interaction offered by objects that fit within our capabilities to perform activities.

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16
Q

visual preference method

A

preference infants have for looking at patterned over non-patterned displays (Fantz)

17
Q

habitutation

A

response to stimulus decreases after prolonged interaction with it

18
Q

dishabituation

A

responding to a stimulus as if it were new or novel again

19
Q

intermodal perception

A

ability to related and integrate information from two or more sensory modalities

20
Q

nature advocated

A

nativists (Gibsons’ ecological view)

21
Q

nurture advocates

A

empiricists (Piaget’s constructivist view)

22
Q

perceptual-motor coupling

A

perception and action are not isolated but coupled. Individuals perceive in order to move and move in order to perceive.