Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry by Thaidz > Physical Chemistry > Flashcards

Physical Chemistry Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the pH / colour of strongest acid ?

A

0 red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pH / colour of strongest alkali ?

A

14 purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pH / colour of neutral substance?

A

7 green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

State the colour of litmus paper - acid

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

State the colour of litmus paper - neutral

A

purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

State the colour of litmus paper - alkali

A

blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

State the colour of phenolphthalein - acid

A

colourless

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

State the colour of phenolphthalein - alkali

A

bright pink

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

State the colour of methyl orange - acid

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

State the colour of methyl orange - alkali

A

yellow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe acids

A

source of hydrogen ions (H+)

pH of less than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a base?

A

substance that can neutralise an acid

alkalis are soluble bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe alkalis

A

source of hydroxide ions (OH-)

pH greater than 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction ?

A

reaction between acid + base
(or acid + alkali)
ends with pH of 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Acid + Base ——

A

—– salt + water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the neutralisation reaction between H+ and OH-?

A

H+ + OH- — H²O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide —

A

Salt + Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Acid + Metal Carbonate —

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is soluble ?

A

dissolvable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is insoluble ?

A

won’t dissolve

21
Q

State the soluble salts

A

sodium, potassium, ammonium
Nitrates
Chlorides - except silver chloride
Sulfates - except barium sulfate and calcium sulfate

22
Q

State the insoluble salts

A

Silver chloride, barium / calcium sulfate

Carbonates - except sodium, potassium, ammonium carbonates

23
Q

State the insoluble bases

A

most metal oxides, metal carbonates and metal hydroxides

24
Q

What are the factors for the rate of a reaction?

A

Temperature
Concentration
Catalyst
Surface area

25
Q

Rate of reaction =

A

Amount of reactant or product / time

26
Q

what is activation energy ?

A

the energy needed to break the initial bonds for particles to react when then collide

27
Q

How do reactions occur?

A

when particles collide with enough energy

28
Q

How does a higher temperature increase rate of reaction?

A

particles gain energy, therefore gain speed, increasing number of collisions and gives them enough power for the activation energy

29
Q

How does a higher concentration (or pressure) increase rate of reaction?

A

this increases the number of reactants, increasing number of collisions until the point where there are fewer reactant particles (slows down)

30
Q

How does a larger surface area increase rate of reaction?

A

If reactant is a solid, the more divided it is, the larger the surface area. This means surrounding particles have more area to work on, increasing collisions

31
Q

How does a catalyst increase rate of reaction?

A

Provides particles with an alternate route with a lower activation energy, meaning more particles can react

32
Q

What is the type of reaction for bond breaking ?

A

endothermic, as energy needed to break bonds

33
Q

What is the type of reaction for bond making ?

A

exothermic, as energy released when bonds formed

34
Q

Define an exothermic reaction

A

a reaction which gives out energy to the surroundings, usually in the form of heat and usually shown in a rise in temperature

35
Q

Define an endothermic reaction

A

a reaction which takes in energy from the surroundings, usually in the form of heat and usually shown by a fall in temperature

36
Q

Define enthalpy change

A

The overall change in energy in a reaction

37
Q

What is the symbol for enthalpy change ?

A

ΔH
Δ means ‘change in’
H means enthalpy

38
Q

What is the unit for enthalpy change ?

A

kJ/mol

39
Q

What is the reaction when the enthalpy change is negative ?

A

exothermic (giving out energy)

40
Q

What is the reaction when the enthalpy change is positive ?

A

endothermic (taking in energy)

41
Q

describe a titration

A

using pipette and pipetter filter, add alkali to flask with phenolphthalein
fill burette with acid
using burette, slowly add acid to alkali
give regular swirls
once alkali turns pink, record volume of acid used
repeat (reliability)

42
Q

making soluble salts

A

add insoluble base to acid
filter excess base
evaporate water to get crystals

43
Q

making insoluble salts

A

(precipitation reaction) pick two solutions with the ions needed
mix ions and filer insoluble salt

44
Q

what is a reversible reaction ?

A

reaction where the products of the reaction can themselves react to form the reactants

45
Q

what is dynamic equilibrium ?

A

reactions are taking place at the same time in both directions

46
Q

what is just equilibrium ?

A

relative (%) quantities of reactants and products

47
Q

how does temperature change equilibrium ?

A

(all reactions are exo one way and endo the other)
high temp - endo reaction increases to use extra heat
low temp - exo reaction increases to give out heat

48
Q

how does pressure change equilibrium ?

A

(most gas reactions have more molecules one side)
pressure rise - increase reaction with less molecules
pressure drop - increase reaction with more molecules

49
Q

what is 1cm3 of water the same as ?

A

1g of water

Chemistry by Thaidz (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions