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MCQ Exam > Physical Assessment- HEENT > Flashcards

Physical Assessment- HEENT Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure and function of the head?

A 
CRANIUM (skull) 
• rests on superior end of vertebral 
column 
• Protects brain from injury 
• Provides surface for attachment of 
muscles 
• EIGHT bones, immovable joints: 
sutures
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2
Q

What is the structure and function of the face?

A
  • Symmetrical structures
  • Eyes
  • eyebrows
  • Nose
  • Mouth
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3
Q

What is the structure and function of the neck?

A
  • 7 flexible cervical vertebrae
  • Support the head
  • Allows maximum mobility
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4
Q

What is the neck structurally composed of?

A

– Muscles
– Ligaments
– Cervical vertebrae (C1 – C7)

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5
Q

What is within the neck?

A 
– Hyoid bone 
– Blood vessels (Not Shown) 
– Larynx (Not Shown) 
– Trachea 
– Thyroid Cartilage
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6
Q

What are the most common lymph nodes?

A 
Preauricular 
Postauricular 
Tonsillar 
Submandibular 
Submental 
Occipital 
Superficial Cervical 
Posterior Cervical 
Deep Cervical 
Supraclavicular
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7
Q

What is the health history?

A

Common chief complaints:
Stiff neck, hoarseness, neck mass, headache, head injury.
PQRST

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8
Q

What is the past history?

A

– Medical: specific ie. Headaches, meningitis
– Surgical: plastic surgery
– Medications : anticonvulsants

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9
Q

What is the family history?

A

Thyroid, hypo/hyper/ectomy

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10
Q

What is the social history?

A

– Diet
– Environment
– Home

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11
Q

What equipment do you need for head,neck, face assessment?

A

– Glass of water
– Stethoscope
– Flat table/surface

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12
Q

What do you inspect on the head and scalp?

A 
– Face the patient with 
your head at the 
same level 
– Shape 
– Symmetry 
– Lesions 
– Masses 
– Hydration
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13
Q

What do you palpate for in head and scalp examination?

A 
beginning 
in the frontal area 
and continue over 
the parietal, 
temporal and 
occipital areas 
– Contour 
– Masses 
– Depression 
– Tenderness 
– Texture
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14
Q

What do you inspect for in the skin of face?

A 
– Colour/lesions 
– Assess facial symmetry 
– Eyes/eyebrows/nose/mouth 
– Shape and features 
– Involuntary movement
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15
Q

How do you palpate the face?

A

– Locate the temporomandibular joint on both sides
– Observe smoothness of the movement and ask if there
is any discomfort
– Listen for any sounds with the bell of the stethoscope

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16
Q

What do you inspect for symmetry in neck examination?

A

– The sternocleidomastoid muscle anteriorly
– The trapezii posteriorly
– Note any old scaring

17
Q

What movements to assess in neck examination?

A 
• Ask the patient to touch 
a) chin to the chest 
b) Chin to each side 
c) Chin to each shoulder 
• Assess for limitation of movement
18
Q

What to inspect for lymph nodes?

A

Inspect for any enlargement or inflammation

19
Q

How to palpate the lymph nodes?

A

– Conduct assessment simultaneously on both sides of the neck
– Using the pads and tips of the middle 3 fingers rotate in small circles using
gentle pressure
– Systematic sequence

20
Q

What to assess for in lymph node examination?

A
  • Size,
  • Shape,
  • Delimination,
  • Mobility,
  • Consistency
  • Tenderness
21
Q

What is past history for mouth, nose and ear examination?

A

– Medical: specific ie. earaches, nasal polyps, tonsillitis, deafness, speech
disorder
– Surgical: plastic surgery, tonsillectomy
– Medications : antihistamines, decongestants

22
Q

What is family history for mouth, nose and ear examination?

A

Hearing loss

23
Q

What is social history for mouth, nose and ear examination?

A

– Alcohol, tobacco, drug use

– Work/home environment: allergens, noise

24
Q

What equipment to use in mouth, nose and ear examination?

A 
– Otoscope 
– Penlight 
– Tongue depressor 
– Gloves 
– Tuning fork 
– Watch
25
Q

What to inspect for in mouth examination (part 1)?

A 
– Colour of lips, moisture, 
swelling 
– Symmetry 
– Smell breath 
– Ask patient to stick out 
tongue then move from 
side to side, up and down 
(CN XII)
26
Q

Mouth inspection (part 2)?

A 
– Ask patient to press 
tongue to each inside 
cheek, provide resistance 
and compare both sides 
– Ask patient to remove 
any dentures 
– Observe for tooth loss 
and discoloration
27
Q

What to palpate in mouth examination (part 1)?

A 
– Palpate any lesions for 
tenderness and consistency 
– Inspect and palpate surface of 
tongue, the fraenulum 
– Palpate both right and left sides 
using fingerpads
28
Q

Mouth palpation (part 2)?

A 
– Use tongue depressor and torch 
to assess inner cheeks, gums, 
hard & soft palate 
– Placing the tongue depressor on 
the middle third of the tongue 
ask the patient to say ‘ah’, 
observe position, size and 
appearance of tonsils and uvula 
– Note the movement and 
presence of the gag reflex
29
Q

What to inspect for nose and sinus examination?

A 
– Inspect shape and symmetry 
– Ask patient to occlude one 
nostril and breathe in and out, 
repeat on other side. 
– Tilt patients head back 
– Place hand firmly on forhead 
and with thumb lift the tip of 
the nose 
– Gently insert an otoscope with 
nasal speculum. 
– Inspect each nostril spearately
30
Q

What to palpate in nose and sinus examination?

A 
– Standing face to 
face 
– Gently press 
thumbs under bony 
ridge of upper orbits 
– Observe for 
presence of pain 
– Apply gentle 
pressure in area 
under intra orbital 
ridge using thumb 
and or middle finger 
– Observe for 
presence of pain 
– Percuss both areas
31
Q

How to do a whisper test?

A 
– Occluding one ear stand behind 
the patient and whisper a two 
syllable word 
– Ask the patient to repeat the 
word 
– Repeat on other ear
32
Q

What to inspect in a ear examination?

A

– Position, shape
– Colour
– Symmetry

33
Q

What to palpate in a ear examination?

A

– Using thumb and index finger
palpate each area
– No pain or tenderness should
be felt

34
Q

What is past history in eye assessment?

A

– Medical: specific ie. Cataract hypertension, diabetes, blurred vision,
strabismus
– Surgical: Laser surgery, retina repair
– Medications : antihistamines, artificial tears

35
Q

What is family history in eye assessment?

A

Myopia, colour blindness, macular degeneration

36
Q

What is social history in eye assessment?

A

– Alcohol, tobacco, drug use

– Work/home environment: allergens, noise

37
Q

What equipment do you need for a eye assessment?

A 
– Snellen chart 
– Penlight 
– Opthalmoscope 
– Vision occluder 
– Cotton tipped applicator 
– Gloves
38
Q

What do you inspect in a eye examination?

A

– eyelids, lashes, eyebrows
– lacrimal apparatus
– conjunctiva & sclera
– corneas

39
Q

What do you palpate in a eye examination?

A

lacrimal apparatus

MCQ Exam (9 decks)

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