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MCQ Exam > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

0
Q

What is a infectious agent?

A 
Pathogen
Bacteria
Virion
Parasite
Fungi
Prion
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1
Q

Describe the chain of infection.

A

Infectious agent

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2
Q

What is a reservoir?

A

A place where an infectious agent can survive and/or multiply. Eg

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3
Q

In the chain of infection, what is a source?

A

A person or animal that transmits the infectious agent

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4
Q

In the COI, what are carriers?

A

Person/animal with no symptom of illness but have evidence of a infectious pathogen on or in their bodies that can be transferred to others

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5
Q

What do infectious agents require?

A

Favorable en environment within a reservoir to thrive

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6
Q

What is the portal of exit?

A

Once infectious agents find a site to grow and multiply they require a POE to enter another host and cause disease. (e.g. skin, blood, respiratory, urinary, gastrointestinal, reproductive tracts)

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7
Q

What is the most common mode of transmission?

A

Contact.

  • Direct
  • Indirect
    e. g. Clostridium difficile
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8
Q

True/false

Droplet is infectious particles larger than 5 microns

A

True
Distribution limited by force of expulsion and gravity
Eg. Influenza virus

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9
Q

Is airborne a mode of transmission?

A

Yes.
Via particles that remain infectious over time and distance.
Procedures that induce coughing, wind, aerosols, low humidity
Eg. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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10
Q

Another mode of transmission is?

A

Vehicle.

Water, food, air, soil

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11
Q

What are examples of external mechanical transfer (vector)?

A

Insects, birds, animals

Eg. Cholera

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12
Q

What is internal transmission (vector)?

A

Parasitic conditions between vector and host.

Eg. Malaria

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13
Q

In the COI, what is the portal of entry?

A

Infectious agents can enter the body through the same routes they exit.
Eg. Bodily systems, invasive medical device

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14
Q

What do factors that impair the body’s normal defenses do?

A

They increase the opportunity for pathogens to enter and infect the body

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15
Q

In the COI, what is the host?

A

A person/animal who cannot resist the infectious agent which invades the body and multiplies to result in a infection

16
Q

What is the host’s susceptibility?

A

A host’s likelihood to require an infection depends upon their susceptibility to an infectious agent.

17
Q

What is a health associated infection?

A

Infection that was not apparent or incubating at the time of hospital admission.
Appears 48 hours after admission or after discharge

18
Q

What are the categories of a health associated infection?

A 
Urinary tract
Surgical wounds
Respiratory
Bloodborne
Other (gastrointestinal)
19
Q

How to prevent HAI?

A 
Remove or kill infectious agents: 
Cleaning
Sterilisation
Disinfection
Antimicrobials
20
Q

How do you break the mode of transmission?

A 
Hand hygiene
Keep equipment and surfaces dry
Clean
Appropriate waste disposal
Educate patient regarding hygiene
Improve immune defences
Standard/additional precautions
Aseptic technique
21
Q

Why is hand hygiene important?

A

It’s the single most important hygiene measure to prevent the spread of infection

22
Q

True/false

Gloves are a substitute for hand washing

A

False

23
Q

How do you wash your hands?

A 
At least 15 sec, longer if soiled
Soap, lather and friction
Interlace fingers, rub palms, sides and back at least 5 times
Turn off tap with towel or elbow
Pat dry - avoid rubbing
Moisturize and keep skin intact
No nail polish or artificial nails
24
Q

What are the 5 moments of hand hygiene?

A 
Before touching a patient
Before a procedure
After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk
After touching a patient
After touching a patient's surroundings
25
Q

What are the two tiered infection control systems used in australia?

A

Standard precautions

Transmission based precautions

26
Q

Correct sequence for applying PPE?

A

Gown
Mask
Protective eyewear/face shield
Gloves

MCQ Exam (9 decks)

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