Physical and Mechanical Properties Flashcards
What are physical properties?
Things that are measurable
What is thermal conductivity?
The quantity of heat that flows through a material
What is electrical conductivity?
The quantity of electricity that’s transferred through a material
What is corrosion resistance?
A material’s ability to prevent chemical/electrochemical attack by atmosphere, moisture, or other
What is density?
The mass of material per unit volume
What is the formula for density?
ρ = m / v
density = mass / volume
What is a melting point?
The temperature at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance
What is the equation for heat capacity?
C = Q / ∆T
heat capacity = energy / change in temperature
What is hardenability?
The ability of steel to go from austenite (solid carbon stable at high temps) to martensite (hard, brittle carbon) when cooled
What is weldability?
The ability of a material to weld with similar materials
What is permativity?
The ability of a material to store electrical potential energy under the influence of an electric field
What is recyclability?
The ability for a material to be recycled
What is thermal expansion?
A change in the size of a material in response to a change in temperature
What is linear expansion?
Changes in length compared to original length
What is areal expansion/superficial expansion?
Changes in area compared to original area
What is volumetric expansion/cubical expansion?
Changes in volume compared to original volume
What is permeability?
The measure of magnetisation that a material obtains in response to an applied magnetic field
What is stress?
The internal forces acting on an object
What is elastic deformation?
The change of shape a material goes through when it undergoes stress
What is plastic deformation?
Permanent deformation of a material when force is removed
What is strain?
The change in shape of a material subject to force
What is strength?
The maximum stress a material can withstand
What is yield strength? What is ultimate strength?
The stress at which plastic deformation starts to occur
The maximum stress a material can withstand before it fails
What is stiffness?
How rigid or flexible a material is
What is described by the modulus of elasticity?
A material’s tendency to be deformed elastically when a force is applied to it
What is ductility?
A material’s ability to be plastically deformed
What is brittleness?
A material’s ability to break without deforming under stress
What is toughness?
The ability of a material to absorb energy without failing
What is hardness?
The resistance of a material to local deformation
What is fatigue strength?
The maximum stress the material can withstand in a given number of cycles
What is shear strength?
The material’s ability to resist forces that cause its internal structure to slide against itself
What is tensile strength?
The amount of load a section of material can withstand before it breaks
