Material Structures Flashcards
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Element = pure substance composed of only one atom
Compound = substance formed of 2+ different elements chemically bonded together
What are the three types of atomic bonding?
Covalent bonding
Ionic bonding
Metallic bonding
What is covalent bonding?
A bond between non-metallic elements where there is a strong attractive force between the nucleus and the outer shell electrons
What is ionic bonding (aka electrovalent bonding)?
A bond between metals and non-metals where electrons are transferred from one atom to another to give each atom a noble gas configuration
What is metallic bonding?
A bond between positively-charged metal ions and conduction electrons
What are Van der Waals bonds?
The bonds between molecules (particularly in plastics and polymers) that allow sliding and rupture to occur
What are Van der Waals forces?
Short-range forces in existing in both gas and liquid phases
What are copolymers?
Polymers made of 2+ different types of monomer
What are the different types of polymer?
1 = monomer
2 = dimer
3 = trimer
4 = tetramer
5+ = polymer
Why do ceramic materials have superior hardness over metals?
Ceramic material’s atomic bonds are mostly ionic and covalent, which are much stronger than metallic bonds
What is a crystalline structure?
A structure in which particles are arranged in three-dimensional patters (crystal lattices)
What is an amorphous structure?
A structure that has a shapeless, disordered arrangement of particles
What are the three subdivisions of fibre reinforced polymer composites/polymer matrix composites?
Carbon fibre reinforced polymer composites
Glass fibre reinforced polymer composites
Aramid fibre reinforced polymer composites
What is a composite laminate?
Layers of fibrous composite materials which can be joined to provide required properties
