Physical and Cognitive Development

Question 1

Lymph Tissue (Physical and Cognitive Development)

Answer 1

Peaks between 10-12 years

Question 2

Brain and Head (Physical and Cognitive Development)

Answer 2

Increases rapidly from birth-2 then slowly

Question 3

General Growth Curve (Physical and Cognitive Development)

Answer 3

Steadily increases from birth - 20 years

Question 4

Genitals (Physical and Cognitive Development)

Answer 4

Steady increase then rapid between 14-16 years

Question 5

Epiphyses of the Bone

Answer 5

1. Upper Epiphysis
2. Growth Plate
3. Bone Shaft
4. Growth Plate
5. Lower Epiphysis

Question 6

Frontal lobe areas are for…

Brain Development in Early Childhood

Answer 6

Planning and organization development

Question 7

Left Hemisphere Controls (Brain Development in Early Childhood)

Answer 7

Language Skills

Handedness

Question 8

Linking areas of the brain develop (Brain Development in Early Childhood)

Answer 8

Cerebellum, Reticular Formation. Corpus Callosum
(Fibers linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex grow and myelinate, enhancing motor coordination and thinking. The reticular formation, responsible for alertness and consciousness; the amygdala, which plays a central role in processing novelty and emotional information; the hippocampus, which is vital for memory and spatial understanding; and the corpus callosum, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, also form synapses and myelinate)

Question 9

Influences on Physical Growth and Health

Answer 9

• Heredity and Hormones
• Emotional Well-Being
• Nutrition
• Infectious Disease
• Childhood Injuries

Question 10

Heredity and Hormones (Influences on Physical Growth and Health)

Answer 10

Growth Hormone

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 11

Emotional Well-Being (Influences on Physical Growth and Health)

Answer 11

Psychosocial Dwarfism (growth disorder caused by extreme emotional deprivation or stress)

Question 12

Infectious Disease (Influences on Physical Growth and Health)

Answer 12

• Malnutrition

- Immunization

Question 13

Factors Related to Childhood Injuries

Answer 13

• Gender and Temperament
• Poverty, low parental education
• Births to teenagers not ready for parenthood
• Shortage of high-quality child care
• Societal Conditions (International differences)

Question 14

Gross Motor Skills (Motor Skill Development in Early Childhood)

Answer 14

• Balance improves
• Gait smooth and rhythmic by age 2
• Upper- and lower-body skills combine into more refined actions by age 5
• Greater speed and endurance

Question 15

Fine Motor Skills (Motor Skill Development in Early Childhood)

Answer 15

• Self-Help: Dressing, eating

- Drawing (Spatial reasoning and depth perception are increasing)

Question 16

1-3 years (Drawing, Fine Motor Skills)

Answer 16

Representational Scribbles: Trying to represent an idea but cognitively do not know how to convey the behavior

Question 17

3 years (Drawing, Fine Motor Skills)

Answer 17

First Representations: Start drawing shapes- 3-4 years Shapes take on boundaries (stick figures)

Question 18

5-6 years (Drawing, Fine Motor Skills)

Answer 18

Capable of starting to engage in more realistic drawings; Better spatial awareness and motor control, and experience with environment and an understanding of how to portray something on paper

Question 19

Genetics (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)

Answer 19

Size, shape

Question 20

Gender (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)

Answer 20

Socialization- Girls (Fine Motor Skills) and Boys (Gross Motor SKills)

Question 21

Practice (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)

Answer 21

Having opportunities to try

Question 22

Caregiver Encouragement (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)

Answer 22

Understanding parents help to improve motor skills

Question 23

Eating in Early Childhood

Answer 23

• Appetite decreases (4, 5, 6 years old); Vary meal to meal, Nutritional needs are still high
• Wariness of new foods is adaptive
• Need high-quality diet; Limit fats, oils, salt and sugar (Can affect their mood, actions, metabolism, and immune systems)