Physical and Cognitive Development Flashcards
Lymph Tissue (Physical and Cognitive Development)
Peaks between 10-12 years
Brain and Head (Physical and Cognitive Development)
Increases rapidly from birth-2 then slowly
General Growth Curve (Physical and Cognitive Development)
Steadily increases from birth - 20 years
Genitals (Physical and Cognitive Development)
Steady increase then rapid between 14-16 years
Epiphyses of the Bone
- Upper Epiphysis
- Growth Plate
- Bone Shaft
- Growth Plate
- Lower Epiphysis
Frontal lobe areas are for…
Brain Development in Early Childhood
Planning and organization development
Left Hemisphere Controls (Brain Development in Early Childhood)
Language Skills
Handedness
Linking areas of the brain develop (Brain Development in Early Childhood)
Cerebellum, Reticular Formation. Corpus Callosum
(Fibers linking the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex grow and myelinate, enhancing motor coordination and thinking. The reticular formation, responsible for alertness and consciousness; the amygdala, which plays a central role in processing novelty and emotional information; the hippocampus, which is vital for memory and spatial understanding; and the corpus callosum, connecting the two cerebral hemispheres, also form synapses and myelinate)
Influences on Physical Growth and Health
- Heredity and Hormones
- Emotional Well-Being
- Nutrition
- Infectious Disease
- Childhood Injuries
Heredity and Hormones (Influences on Physical Growth and Health)
Growth Hormone
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Emotional Well-Being (Influences on Physical Growth and Health)
Psychosocial Dwarfism (growth disorder caused by extreme emotional deprivation or stress)
Infectious Disease (Influences on Physical Growth and Health)
- Malnutrition
- Immunization
Factors Related to Childhood Injuries
- Gender and Temperament
- Poverty, low parental education
- Births to teenagers not ready for parenthood
- Shortage of high-quality child care
- Societal Conditions (International differences)
Gross Motor Skills (Motor Skill Development in Early Childhood)
- Balance improves
- Gait smooth and rhythmic by age 2
- Upper- and lower-body skills combine into more refined actions by age 5
- Greater speed and endurance
Fine Motor Skills (Motor Skill Development in Early Childhood)
- Self-Help: Dressing, eating
- Drawing (Spatial reasoning and depth perception are increasing)
1-3 years (Drawing, Fine Motor Skills)
Representational Scribbles: Trying to represent an idea but cognitively do not know how to convey the behavior
3 years (Drawing, Fine Motor Skills)
First Representations: Start drawing shapes- 3-4 years Shapes take on boundaries (stick figures)
5-6 years (Drawing, Fine Motor Skills)
Capable of starting to engage in more realistic drawings; Better spatial awareness and motor control, and experience with environment and an understanding of how to portray something on paper
Genetics (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)
Size, shape
Gender (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)
Socialization- Girls (Fine Motor Skills) and Boys (Gross Motor SKills)
Practice (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)
Having opportunities to try
Caregiver Encouragement (Individual Differences in Motor Skills)
Understanding parents help to improve motor skills
Eating in Early Childhood
- Appetite decreases (4, 5, 6 years old); Vary meal to meal, Nutritional needs are still high
- Wariness of new foods is adaptive
- Need high-quality diet; Limit fats, oils, salt and sugar (Can affect their mood, actions, metabolism, and immune systems)
