Emotional Development

Question 1

Peer Groups

Answer 1

• Formed from proximity, similarity

- Peer Culture

Question 2

Formed from proximity, similarity (Peer Groups)

Answer 2

Those that you go to school with or live near

Question 3

Peer Culture (Peer Groups)

Answer 3

• Behavior, vocabulary, dress code
• Can include relational aggression and exclusion
• Relational: Attack bonds that individuals have (Rumors)

Question 4

Friendship in middle Childhood

Answer 4

• Personal qualities, trust becomes more important (more than association)
• More selective in choosing friends
• Friendships can last several years
• Type of friends influences development

Question 5

Personal qualities, trust becomes more important (Friendship in middle Childhood)

Answer 5

Becomes more difficult to build friends back when trust issues arise

Question 6

More selective in choosing friends (Friendship in middle Childhood)

Answer 6

Choose friends similar to self

Question 7

Friendships can last several years (Friendship in middle Childhood)

Answer 7

Learn to resolve disputes

Question 8

Type of friends influences development (Friendship in middle Childhood)

Answer 8

Aggressive friends often magnify antisocial acts

Question 9

Peer Acceptance

Answer 9

• Popular (Prosocial and Popular-Antisocial)
• Rejected (Rejected Aggressive and Rejected-Withdrawn)
• Controversial
• Neglected

Question 10

Popular Prosocial (Peer Acceptance)

Answer 10

Have friends because they have qualities that people find attractive

Question 11

Popular-Antisocial (Peer Acceptance)

Answer 11

Have resources, physically attractive, may be socially skilled but also may be mean

Question 12

Rejected Aggressive (Peer Acceptance)

Answer 12

Bullies; May still have friends but characterized with low social skills

Question 13

Rejected-Withdrawn (Peer Acceptance)

Answer 13

Socially unskilled and do not have the ability to stand up to bullies

Question 14

Controversial (Peer Acceptance)

Answer 14

Some people like and others do not, this may be like a class clown that is funny until joke is about you

Question 15

Neglected (Peer Acceptance)

Answer 15

Who is that? Flying under the radar, may have friends but do not stand out, do their own thing

Question 16

Bullies

Answer 16

• Most are boys
• Physically, relationally aggressive
• High-status, powerful
• Popular (However, most eventually become disliked)

Question 17

Victims

Answer 17

• Passive when active behavior expected
• Give in to demands
• Lack defenders
• Inhibited temperament
• Physically frail
• Overprotected, controlled by parents

Question 18

Parents (Family Relationships)

Answer 18

-Coregulation: Given more responsibility and understanding

Question 19

Siblings (Family Relationships)

Answer 19

• Rivalry

- Companionship and assistance

Question 20

Only Children

Answer 20

• High in self-esteem, achievement motivation
• Closer relationships with parents (Pressure for mastery which can cause anxiety)
• Peer acceptance may be a problem
• Lack practice in conflict resolution

Question 21

Immediate (Consequences of Parental Divorce)

Answer 21

• Consequences usually depends on age, temperament, and sex of the child
• Instability, conflict, drop in income

Question 22

Long-Term

Consequences of Parental Divorce

Answer 22

• Improved adjustment after 2 years
• Boys and children with difficult temperaments more likely to have problems
• Father’s involvement affects adjustment

Question 23

Helping Families Through Divorce

Answer 23

• Divorce mediation (Splitting items)
• Joint Custody
• Child Support

Question 24

Mother-Stepfather (Blended Families)

Answer 24

• Most frequent
• Boys usually adjust quickly
• Girls adapt less favorably
• Older children and adolescents of both sexes display more problems

Question 25

Father-Stepmother (Blended Families)

Answer 25

- Often leads to reduced father-child contact - Children in fathers’ custody often react negatively - Girls and stepmothers slow to get along at first, more positive interaction later

Question 26

Benefits (Maternal Employment and Child Development)

Answer 26

- Higher self-esteem - Positive family and peer relations - Fewer gender stereotypes - Better grades - More father involvement

Question 27

Drawbacks (Maternal Employment and Child Development)

Answer 27

- Less time for children | - Risk of ineffective parenting

Question 28

Support for Working Parents

Answer 28

- Flexible schedules, job sharing - Sick leave - Involvement of other parent - Equal pay and opportunities - Quality of childcare

Question 29

Fears and Anxieties in Middle Childhood

Answer 29

- Fears of dark, thunder, lightning, supernatural beings persist - Fears based on wider world emerge (Many are media-fueled, Harsh living conditions can lead to anxiety) - School phobia (5–7 years: separation from home, 11 –13 years: particular aspects of school)

Question 30

Factors Related to Resilience- Personal Characteristics

Answer 30

- Easy temperament - Mastery orientation - Warm parental relationship - Supportive adult outside family - Community resources