Physical and chemical characteristics of blood

Question 1

Blood the most active component of the ECF and the only ……………….within the body

Answer 1

fluid tissue

Question 2

is a blood a tissue, explain?

Answer 2

1. They are highly vascularized.
2. The cells are dispersed in a matrix.
3. The matrix is composed of ground substance crisscrossed by protein fibers (The ground substance is mostly formed of fluid but may also be composed of minerals
4. They are binding and supporting, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances within the body.

Question 3

what type of tissue is blood?

Answer 3

connective tissue

Question 4

The total blood volume makes up about …………….percent of the body’s weight.

Answer 4

6-8 %

Question 5

function of body are into two classes

Answer 5

1. primary and secondary

Question 6

primary function of the blood

Answer 6

_Transportation
– Exchange
– Protection

Question 7

the secondary functions of the blood, are mainly ……………..

Answer 7

homeostaticfunctions

Question 8

what are the main 5 secondary/ homeostatic function of the blood

Answer 8

1. Immunity
2. Regulation eg: temperature, pH, and fluid volume.
3. Fluid volume balance: A continual exchange of water between tissue fluid and circulating blood keeps the body’s water balance in check.
4. Acid-base balance
5. Excretion

Question 9

Components of Whole Blood

Answer 9

1. plasma 55%
2. buffy coat: leukocytes and platelets 1%
3. erythrocytes 45%

Question 10

Average volume of blood is………..for males, and

for females

Answer 10

5–6 L and 4–5 L

Question 11

Hemoglobin
Female: 1……………..
male: 2…………………..

Answer 11

1. 12-15 g/100 ml

2. 12.5-16 g/100 ml

Question 12

Mean RBC count
Female: 1………..
male: 2……………

Answer 12

1. 4.8 million/μL

2. 5.4 million/μL

Question 13

Platelet counts ………………………..

Answer 13

90,000-270,000/μL

Question 14

Total WBC counts …………..

Answer 14

2,500-9,700/μL

Question 15

16 main components of the blood.

Answer 15

1. Water 92% by weight
2. Proteins Total 6-9 g/100 ml
3. Glucose (dextrose) 70-110 mg/100 ml
4. Amino acid 33-51 mg/100 ml
5. Lactic acid 6-16 mg/100 ml
6. Total lipid 450-850 mg/100 ml
7. Cholesterol 120-220 mg/100 ml
8. Fatty acids 190-420 mg/100 ml
9. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) 30-80 mg/100 ml
10. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) 62-185 mg/100 ml

10 Neutral Fats (triglycerides) 40-150 mg/100 ml

11. Phospholipids 6-12 mg/100 ml
12. Iron 50-150 g/100 ml
13. Vitamins (A, B, C, D, E, K) Trace amount
14. Electrolytes
15. Nitrogenous Wastes
16. Respiratory gases (O2, CO2, and N2)

Question 16

10 main plasma proteins in the blood

Answer 16

1. Albumin
2. immunoglobulins
3. transferrin
4. ceruloplasmin
5. C-reactive protein
6. fibrinogen
7. coagulation factors
8. haptoglobin
9. hemopexin
10. transthyretin

Question 17

functions of plasm proteins

Answer 17

1. Albumin: maintain osmatic pressure, carrier protein, buffer etc
2. immunoglobulins: humoral immunity
3. transferrin: Fe transport
4. ceruloplasmin: Cu transport
5. C-reactive protein: inflammation
6. fibrinogen: blood coagulation
7. coagulation factors: blood coagulation
8. haptoglobin: hemoglobin transport
9. hemopexin: transport of heme
10. transthyretin: transport thyroid hormone and retinal

Question 18

what is serum

Answer 18

plasma minus clotting proteins( fibrin )

Question 19

what are formed elements of the blood

Answer 19

1. Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBCs)
2. Platelets (cellular fragments)
3. Leukocytes (white blood cells, WBCs)

Question 20

all formed elements of the blood are incomplete cells except…………………

Answer 20

leukocytes

Question 21

all formed elements of blood are not divided but renewed but …………………..

Answer 21

formation from bone marrow

Question 22

which among many proteins in erythrocytes that found in its membrane that give it flexibility

Answer 22

spectrin

Question 23

why erythrocytes do not use oxygen it carries

Answer 23

because its ATP are generated anaerobically

Question 24

Hematopoiesis

Answer 24

refers to whole blood cell production.