leukocytes Flashcards
what is diapedesis of leukocytes
is the process by which T lymphocytes migrate across venular blood vessel walls to enter various tissues and organs.
how many days does leukocytes remain in the blood stream
3- 7 days/ a week
what is the ratio of erythrocytes to leukocytes
700 to 1
leukocytes that found in the blood
- lymphocytes
- basophils
- neutrophils
- eosinophil
- monocytes
formation of leukocyte
- hemocytoblast give myeloid and lymphoid stem cell.
- myeloid gives myeloblasts and monoblasts while lymphoid gives lymphoblasts.
- myeloblast gives promyelocytes which then give eosinophilic, neutrophilic, and basophilic myelocytes. these myelocytes will then give band cells which will give eosinophils, neutrophils and basophils.
on other hand, monoblast gives rise to promonocytes which then give rise to monocytes.
then lymphoblast will give rise to prolymphocyte, which will give rise to lymphocytes
through leukocytes production process, where do we get macrophage and plasma cell?
- macrophage rise from monoblasts the give rise to promonocytes, which give rise to monocytes which can give rise to macrophage.
- plasma cell can be produced from lymphocytes which is produced from lymphoid which give rise to lymphoblast which give rise to prolymphocyte which will give rise to lymphocytes then to plasma cells
through the leukocyte production process, where do we get macrophage and plasma cells?
- macrophage rise from monoblasts that give rise to promonocytes, which gives rise to monocytes which can give rise to macrophages. ( They leave the circulation, enter tissue, and differentiate into macrophages ).
- plasma cells can be produced from lymphocytes which are produced from lymphoid which give rise to lymphoblasts which give rise to prolymphocytes which will give rise to lymphocytes then to plasma cells.
two main difference between agranulocyte and granulocyte
- granulocyte has the lobed nucleus of 2-5 lobes and the have nuclear granules.
- Agranulocyte has no lobed nucleus and no granules, they are the main lymphocytes.
another name of granulocytes
polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
which leucocytes that
i. plenty in numbers of all other leucocytes in the blood?
ii. largest?
iii. with largest life span?
i. mostly is neutrophils
ii. monocytes
iii. lymphocytes
the main function of leukocytes
i. neutrophils
ii. basophils
iii. eosinophils
iv. monocytes
v. lymphocytes
i. phagocytize bacteria.
ii. – role in inflammation/ release histamine and other inflammation mediators.
- - contain heparin ( anti-coagulant )
iii. – lessen the severity of allergies/phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes
iv. – develop into macrophages in the tissue.
- - phagocytosis
v. role in immunity of the body, through direct attack ( T cells ) and via antibodies ( B cells ).
side focus! what is mast cell?
- A type of white blood cell that is found in connective tissues all through the body, especially under the skin, near blood vessels and lymph vessels, in nerves, and in the lungs and intestines.
- functionally similar to basophils.
which leukocytes that are responsible for the formation of macrophage in the tissue?
monocytes
cytokines.
- cytokines are small proteins crucial in the influencing the growth of blood cells and activities of immune cells.
- Agranulocytes, granulocytes, and macrophage are influenced by cytokine.
- cells that predominantly release cytokines: helper cells, damaged cells, mast cells, and macrophages.
Three steps through which leukocytes are deployed outside blood vessels to damaged cells/ infected areas.
- margination: – leukocytes move on the peripheral cross to vessels, and they slow down due to adhesion molecules of endothelial cells in the vessels.
- Diapedesis/Leukocyte extravasation: leukocytes slip outside capillary vessels.
- Chemotaxis: leukocytes follow chemical trails of cytokines released by damaged tissue or other leukocyte cells leading to the infected area.
