physical activity and energy expenditure

Question 1

physical activity:

Answer 1

• any body movement produced by skeletal muscle that results in caloric expenditure
• linked w decreased morbidity and mortality (CVD, diabetes, psychological well-being)

Question 2

total energy expenditure =

Answer 2

TEE = REE + TEF + AEE
resting energy expenditure (REE) + thermic effect of feeding (TEF) + active energy expenditure (AEE)

Question 3

AEE includes (2):

Answer 3

exercise energy expenditure (ExEE) + non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Question 4

direct methods to assess PA and EE:

Answer 4

• calorimetry
• doubly-labelled water
• direct observation

Question 5

indirect methods to assess PA and EE:

Answer 5

• accelerometry
• pedometer
• HR monitor
• GPS
• wearable device

Question 6

direct calorimetry:
1. validity
2. reliability
3. objectivity
4. participant burden
5. PA can be described by FITT?
6. practicality
7. sensitivity

Answer 6

1. high - provide both components of PA and EE, difficult to measure TEE
2. high
3. high
4. high
5. no
6. super expensive and specific set up

Question 7

doubly-labelled water:
1. validity
2. reliability
3. objectivity
4. participant burden
5. PA can be described by FITT?
6. practicality
7. sensitivity

Answer 7

1. high - gold standard
2. high - measure elimination rates of 2H and 18O by collecting 2+ urine samples
3. high (*cant measure sedentary time)
4. low - unobtrusive & non-invasive
5. no
6. administration and analyses are v expensive

Question 8

pedometers:
1. validity
2. reliability
3. objectivity
4. participant burden
5. PA can be described by FITT?
6. practicality
7. sensitivity

Answer 8

1. yes - at speeds <~3mph for indicating steps, estimates distance based on stride length
2. yes - depends on quality and use
3. high
4. low
5. yes - from steps: frequency and duration of PA, not intensity
6. high

Question 9

wearable devices:
1. validity
2. reliability
3. objectivity
4. participant burden
5. PA can be described by FITT?
6. practicality
7. sensitivity

Answer 9

1. low - sensitive to some modes of PA, not to changes in EE due to incline, bad w stationary activities
2. low - GPS only works outside/ free of obstruction, HR only accurate if tight enough
3. low???
4. low
5. yes… indirect measure of EE/TEE , but devices often over/under estimate depending on activity
6. visible output, easy to use, not waterproof, compliance?
7. insensitive to movement that doesn’t involve COM transfer at rate relative to EE

Question 10

questionnaire:
1. validity
2. reliability
3. objectivity
4. participant burden
5. PA can be described by FITT?
6. practicality
7. sensitivity

Answer 10

1. low
2. low
3. low
4. low
5. yes
6. high
7. yes?