assessment of aerobic fitness

Question 1

aerobic fitness:

Answer 1

ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to working muscles and ability of the muscles to use the available oxygen to continue work or exercise

Question 2

what does the risk of exercise for any population depend on for any population?

Answer 2

the prevalence of cardiovascular disease

Question 3

when should we NOT test?

Answer 3

• haven’t obtained medical clearance
• HR above 100bpm, BP above 160/90
• “high risk individuals” = 1+ signs/ symptoms of or known CV, pulmonary, or metabolic disease (chest/ neck/ jaw pain, shortness of breath at rest/ mild exertion, dizzy, palpitations or tachycardia, etc.)

Question 4

submax vs max test active recovery:

Answer 4

• low intensity aerobic cool-down for 3 VS 5 min
• post: measure HR and BP at 1&3 VS MINIMUM 15 minutes supervision

Question 5

main purpose of aerobic tests

Answer 5

directly or indirectly determine individual’s VO2max

Question 6

VO2max:

Answer 6

• functional capacity of cardiorespiratory system (measures RATE rate that O2 can be taken into body, transported, and utilized to perform work)
• rate = power
• depends on ability of muscle to utilize O2 during exercise
• most valid measure!

Question 7

VO2 peak

Answer 7

• highest recorded VO2 if you don’t see the VO2 plateau or RER >1.15 - feel maxed out
  valid measure of aerobic fitness
• athletes = more likely to get max
• children, older adults, deconditioned individuals, or those w disease = more likely reach peak

Question 8

absolute vs relative VO2max

Answer 8

absolute = don’t consider BW (L/min)
relative = consider BW (mL/kg/min) - to compare indiiduals

Question 9

METs:
=?
why use?

Answer 9

1 MET = 3.5
- standardized equivalent to aid in comparisons
- get energy expenditure
- relate to intensity of activity

Question 10

utility of direct measures of aerobic fitness to volitional exhaustion:

Answer 10

• guide training of high performance athletes
• research
• clinical populations

Question 11

important considerations in choosing a VO2max protocol:

Answer 11

• specificity to sport/ movement pattern familiar to participant
  are protocols suitable for population?
• medical conditions (osteoarthritis, obesity)
• balance/ fall risk

Question 12

specific VO2 max protocols?

Answer 12

how in depth?

Question 13

cycle erg:
power =
work =
distance =

Answer 13

power = work/ time
work = force x distance
distance = revs (6m/rev)

Question 14

regulate workload of treadmill vs cycle erg:

Answer 14

VO2 is proportional to workload
treadmill = workload changes by manipulating speed/ elevation
cycle = workload changes by manipulating resistance

Question 15

VO2 max termination criteria:
for peak vs max

Answer 15

peak:
- HR fails to increase w load AND w/n 15bpm of predicted HRmax/ attain known HRmax
- RER >1.15
- volitional fatigue (RPE >17/20 OR 9or10/10, BP >= 250/120mmHg)
- lactate conc. >8mmol/L
max:
- all of above AND
- plateau ( changes in VO2<2.0ml/kg/min) despite increase workload/ other criteria met

Question 16

verification phase:

Answer 16

if unsure if client reached VO2max, 5-10min of rest, one more workload greater than last
- higher VO2 max in this phase - likely VO2max

Question 17

anaerobic threshold:

Answer 17

• level of O2 consumption when rapid increase in blood lactate conc.
• predict w RER ~1.0
• higher threshold = longer time aerobically dominant and producing less/ buffering better harmful waste products = go for longer

Question 18

anaerobic threshold:
equation?
choose which # when looking at chart?
how to know if you reached peak or max?

Answer 18

Ar = (VO2 where R is ~1)/(VO2max or peak)
- choose closest # to crossing 1 (RER)
peak = # difference b/n last stage by more than 2
max = # difference b/n last stage less than 2

Question 19

VO2 max:
1. general protocol
2. pros
3. cons

Answer 19

1. • calibrate equipment
   • 5 min warm up to determine speed
   • start treadmill at running speed and 0% incline
   • gradually progress in equal increments - increase incline by 2% every 2 min until max reached
   • cool down, monitor
     2.
   • accurately program every variable, automatic controls
   • reliable and valid
   • LOTS of norms
   • can motivate
     3.
   • participant burden
   • cycle erg - can be ~10% lower
   • expensive
   • time consuming
   • depends on clients ability to push self to max

Question 20

Assumptions for sub-max indirect VO2 predictions:

Answer 20

• max HR for a given age is uniform –> HR can vary up to +- 20bpm
• linear relationship b/n HR, VO2, and PO
• mechanical efficiency (VO2 a5 a given work rate) is same for everyone –> depends on running economy ! (poor running economy = higher VO2/HR at a given speed compared to economical runner)

Question 21

bruce treadmill test:
- basic protocol
- pros
- cons
- population

Answer 21

1.
- predicts VO2maxd
- start at 10% grade, 1.7mph
- increase speed and grade every 3 minutes until volitional exhaustion
- best for clinical, athletic, possible elderly and obese populations
2.
- accounts time, fitness level, gender
- straightforward to administer and take
- small SEE, high validity
- familiar movement
- less participant burden
3.
- doesn’t account for weight and age
- use correct prediction equation
- treadmill be pricey
- fitness categories not defined

Question 22

20m shittle run aka beep test
- basic protocol
- pros
- cons
- population

Answer 22

• best for athletic populations, young individuals, occupational and educational settings/ research
• not best for injuries - especially knee and ankle
• run as many stages as possible until end zone isn’t reached w/n 2 consecutive shuttles/ volitional fatigue
  pros:
• test large groups, multiple sports
• inexpensive and portable, easy protocol
• norms available
• can measure HRmax
  cons:
• motivation is major determinant of score - timing/ pacing may be difficult
• need tester “referee” lines
• underpredicts for high VO2max
• overpredicts for low VO2 max
  assumes:
• VO2max and work rate relationship is linear

Question 23

why use indirect submax tests?

Answer 23

• less accurate but more practical compared to direct measures (cost, time, equipment)
• better for older/ less fit populations

Question 24

astrand cycle test:
1. general protocol
2. pros
3. cons
4. population

Answer 24

1. • 6 min test to reach target HR = 120-170bpm at 50rpm
   • record HR, rpm, WL at end of every minute
   • continue minute by minute untill SSHR achieved w/n 10bpm
2. • ease of use for various pop.
   • fast
   • controlled environment
   • can measure other variables simultaneously
   • valid
3. • predictive
   • one ata time
   • expensive
   • resistance based on weight, training not considered in equation
     4.
   • sedentary, poor balance, unfamiliar w exercise testing

Question 25

cooper’s 1.5 mile run

Answer 25

• athletic/ active populations, large teams/groups
  pros:
• lotsa norms
• can obtain field HR max
• inexpensive, fast, portable
• group provides competition = motivation
• measures ability to achieve high level of effort
  cons:
• no universal surface
• not much extra info
• pacing = learning curve
• predictor, not necessarily max

Question 26

queen’s step test

Answer 26

pros
- run anywhere there are stairs
- multiple people/ groups
- kinda ? max HR
- inexpensive, fast
- competition w/n large group
cons
- step aren’t safe for everyone
- learning curve to pacing
- close to max predictor

Question 27

indirect submax

Answer 27

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