Physical Activity. Flashcards
Only __ of adults meeting Canada’s physical activity guidelines?
15%
Only __ of children 5-11 and __ of 12-17 year-olds meet Canada’s physical activity guidelines?
7%
4%
In 2010, MSN ranked Canada as the ___ laziest nation in the world.
2nd
And, in 2013, International Business Times ranked Canada as the ___ most obese nation in the world _____
6th
24.2%
What are the early years and what is there guidelines?
(0-4 years)
Infants (less than 1 year) should be physically active several times/day
Examples: tummy time, reaching for toys, interactive floor-based play, crawling
How much physical activity do toddles need?
Toddlers (1-2 years) and pre-schoolers (3-4 years) should accumulate 180 minutes of physical activity/day (at any intensity)
Examples: playing outside, crawling, dancing, hopping, jumping, skipping
How much physical activity do children and youth need?
Children (5-11 years) and Youth (12-17 years)
- At least 60 minutes of moderate-to- vigorous intensity physical activity daily
- Vigorous-intensity activities at least 3 days/week
- Activities that strengthen muscle and bone at least 3 days/week
What is moderate Intensity PA?
Should cause minor sweating and harder breathing
Examples:
Bike riding & Playground activities
What is vigorous Intensity PA?
Should cause sweating and being “out of breath”
Examples:
Running & Swimming
How much physical activity do adults need?
Adults (18-64) are advised to accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic physical activity per week.
Should occur in bouts of at least 10 minutes
Should add muscle and bone strengthening activities at least 3 day/ per week.
Has there being an incline in the % of children and youth who are PA?
Children and Youth (ages 5-17):
2010: 12% met Canada’s physical activity guidelines of 60 minutes/day
2011: only 7%
2012: again, 7%
2013: down to 5%
Do a higher % of boys or girls meet the PA guidelines?
Boys (8% meet guidelines) are more active than girls (4% meet guidelines)
Who has the most physical activity?
___ of 3-4 year-olds accumulate the Canadian physical activity guidelines of 180 minutes of daily activity at any intensity.
Do a higher % of men or woman meet the PA guidelines?
- Men (17% meet guidelines) are more active than women (13% meet guidelines)
- Physical activity declines with increasing age.
- Higher socioeconomic status (SES) more likely to be active than lower SES (i.e., activity increases with increased education and income)
Specifically, what were some of the pros and cons (or benefits and costs) associated with physical activity?
Benefits
- Cardiovascular fitness, strength, bone density, healthy weight, flexibility, posture, balance
- Reduced risk of chronic diseases (e.g., cancer, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes)
- Psychosocial outcomes
- Greater relaxation, confidence, body satisfaction, self-esteem, quality of life
- Reduced symptoms of depression, anxiety, stress
Cons - Takes too much time Inconvenient - Not enjoyable, fun, or relaxing - Fatigue – as an antecedent or a consequence - Lack of facilities, equipment, skills/knowledge - Risk of injury - Financial costs
What is BMI?
Ratio of weight to height to categorize people’s weight status (e.g., overweight, obese)
Who is considered obese?
People with a BMI > 30kg/m² are considered obese.
Who does the BMI not count for?
However, the BMI is generally considered useful only for individuals aged 20-65, and has a number of constraining factors.
- Not considered useful for:
1. Babies
2. Children
3. Teenagers
4. Pregnant women
5. Very muscular people, such as athletes
How do you calculate BMI?
Formula: mass (kg)
height (m²)
Nathan’s mass is 100kg and his height is 2m. What is his BMI?
- 100kg
(2m)²
- 25kg/m²
So, what is Nathan’s BMI status?What are you BMI classifications?
Underweight = <18.5
Normal weight = 18.5 – 24.9
Overweight = 25 – 29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater
What % of Canadian adults BMI are obese.
1979: 14%
2004: 23%
2009: 24.1%
As of 2008, 62.1% of Canadian adults were considered overweight or obese.
11.7% of children/youth (5-17 years) are obese, according to the BMI.
What does childhood obesity lead to?
- Often leads to adult obesity
- Children who are inactive and overeat
- On average, Canadian children spend over 7 hours of “screen time” per day
- Being told to “clean your plate”
What did Mayor Bloomberg do in New York to try to fight obesity?
Mayor Bloomberg (NYC)
- Proposed to limit the size of soda sold in restaurants, movie theaters, pushcarts and sports arenas.
- Met with uproar by citizens and soda companies
- Law did not go through as planned
- Judge ruled it “arbitrary” the day before it was going to be implemented.
In the past, serious illnesses were mainly infectious diseases. Tuberculosis Polio Influenza Meningitis Etc. and now?
Hypertension Heart diseases Strokes Type II diabetes Cancer Cirrhosis of the liver Etc.
What are 2 major downsides of “screen time”?
- It involves physical inactivity/sedentary behavior.
2. It is a time in which mindless eating occurs.
What are the costs of physical inactivity?
- A key driver of health care (over)use in Canada can (at least partially) be attributed to physical inactivity!
- Physical inactivity has negative consequences not just for inactive people, but also for greater society
- Physical inactivity contributes to health issues that require people to use more health care services and imposes extra costs on the publicly funded health care system
-Compared to an active person, an inactive person:
-Spends 38% more days in hospital
-Uses 13% more specialist services
-Uses 12% more nurse visits
- Physical inactivity contributes to health issues that require people to use more health care services and imposes extra costs on the publicly funded health care system
- A 10% reduction in prevalence of physical inactivity
= savings of $150 million annually
How do we combat obesity?
Exercise
- Depresses appetite (suppresses hormones that control hunger)
- Maximizes fat loss and minimizes loss of lean muscle tissue
- Burns high number of calories and increases metabolic rate
- Allows your body to use more calories for energy than storing them as fat
- Of course, a healthy diet also combats obesity
