Physical A2 definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Second ionisation energy

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of electrons are removed from one mole of gaseous +1 ions to form one mole of gaseous +2 ions under standard conditions.

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2
Q

First ionisation energy

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of electrons are removed from one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous +1 ions under standard conditions.

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3
Q

First electron affinity

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of electrons are added to one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous ions with a 1- charge under standard conditions.

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4
Q

Second electron affinity

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of electrons are added to one mole of gaseous 1- ions to form one mole of gaseous ions with a 2- charge under standard conditions.

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5
Q

Lattice enthalpy of dissociation

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of solid ionic compound dissociates into its gaseous ions under standard conditions.

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6
Q

Lattice enthalpy of formation

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of solid ionic compound is formed from its gaseous ions, under standard conditions.

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7
Q

Enthalpy of hydration

A

Enthalpy change when water molecules surround one mole of gaseous ions, under standard conditions

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8
Q

Enthalpy of solution

A

Enthalpy change when one mole of solute dissolves completely in sufficient solvent to form a solution in which the molecules or ions are far enough apart to not interact with each other, under standard conditions.

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9
Q

Mean bond enthalpy

A

Enthalpy change required to break one mole of a covalent bond under standard conditions averaged over a range of compounds.

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10
Q

Entropy

A

Mathematical measure of how random a system is. The more disordered something is, the greater the entropy. (Units Kmol-1K-1)

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11
Q

Order of reaction

A

The order of reaction is defined as the power dependence of the rate on the concentration of each reactant.

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12
Q

Rate constant

A

Is the proportionality constant relating the rate of the reaction to the concentrations of reactants

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13
Q

Brønsted–Lowry acid

A

A substance that donates a proton (H+)

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14
Q

Brønsted–Lowry base

A

A substance that can accept a proton.

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15
Q

Strong acids

A

Acids that fully dissociate into H+ in solution. E.g. HCl, H2SO4, HNO3

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15
Q

Brønsted–Lowry acid-base reaction

A

Reaction involving the transfer of a proton.

16
Q

Weak acid

A

An acid that partially dissociated into H+ in solution but most of the acid remains undissociated. E.g. carboxylic acids

17
Q

Buffer

A

A solution that resists change in pH when small amounts of acid/alkali are added.

18
Q

Acidic buffer

A

Contain a weak acid and the salt of that weak acid

19
Q

Basic buffer

A

Contain a weak base and the salt of that weak base.

20
Q

Equivalence point

A

Volume where you have exactly the same number of moles of H+ ions and OH- ions.

21
Q

End point

A

The volume of alkali or acid added where the indicator just changes colour.