Organic AS definitions Flashcards
Displayed formula
Shows every atom and every bond in a molecule
Structural formula
Shows unique arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Skeletal formula
Straight lines represent C-C bonds and carbon atoms where these bonds meet
Functional group
A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound
Isomers
Compounds that have the same molecular formula but whose atoms are arranged differently.
Structural isomers
Compounds which have the same molecular
formula but a different structural formula.
Positional isomerism
Functional group is attached to the main chain at different points
Functional group isomers
Different functional group
Chain isomerism
Hydrocarbon chain arranged differently (can be branched)
Stereoisomerism
Same structural formula but different arrangement in space
E-Z isomerism
Tells us about the positions of substituents at either side of a carbon-carbon double bond. Two substituents may either be on the same side of the bond (Z) or opposite sides (E).
Crude
Mixture containing lots of different hydrocarbons
Fraction
Mixture of hydrocarbons with similar boiling points
Catalytic cracking
A type of cracking that takes place at a slight pressure, high temperature and in the presence of a zeolite catalyst and is used mainly to produce motor fuels and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Thermal cracking
A type of cracking that takes place at high pressure and high
temperature and produces a high percentage of alkenes.
Flue gas
gases given out by power stations
Free radical
Atom with a single unpaired electron
Nucleophile
An atom or molecule that donates an electron pair to form a covalent bond. Attracted to electron-deficient areas.
Polar bond
Unequal distribution of electrons in a covalent bond causing the molecule to have a slight dipole.
