Physical Flashcards
How is a Corrie formed?
-Glacier moves downhill due to gravity
-a bergsrund crevasse opens at the back of the hollow
-rotational sliding overdeepens the hollow
-friction causes the ice to slow down at the front edge of the Corrie.
-an example is brown cove.
How are sand bars formed?
-Bars form when there is a change in the direction in the coast line allowing a sheltered area for deposition
-material slowly builds up to appear above the water
-if a spit reaches the other side of the bay then a sand bar is formed.
-for example slapton sands
How is a waterfall formed?
-differentiwl erosion takes place/soft rock erodes quicker
-undercutting causes an overhang which collapses into the plunge pool due to gravity.
-the plunge pool is deepened by materials from the collapse.
-the waterfall retreats up stream
how is a stack formed?
- rocks contain weak points that are more easily eroded
- over time, lines of weakness are enlarged and develop into small sea caves
- in some cases, a blowhole can form in the roof of the cave
an example is old harry
What is an example of a ribbon lake?
Loch muick
What happens when former interlocking spurs are cut off by glaciers?
Truncated spurs are formed
What is an example of a stack?
Old harry
What is an example of a corrie
Brown cove
What is an example of a sand bar?
Slapton sands
How is a V shaped valley formed?
-vertical erosion cuts downward into the valley
-the valley sides are weathered by freeze thaw weathering
-when gravity pulls loose matierals into the river, this adds to the erosive power of the river.
-bedload is removed by saltation making the valley deeper
-swirling water floods may create potholes, again cutting down into the valley.
How are meanders formed?
-in a straight river channel, water twists and turns around obstructions such as large boulders
-this results in areas of slower and faster water movement, as the river starts to become more sinuous
-riffles and pools lead to changes in speed and depths in the river channel
-pools are areas of deeper water whereas riffles are shallower with great turbulence
-river flows slowest on the inside bend leading to deposition
Does the river go slower or faster on the inside bend?
Slower
What does the river going slower lead to?
Deposition
Drainage baisan
The main input is through precipitation
Water vapour can be evaporated due to heat from the sun
When water vapour is lost to the atmosphere from vegetation it is called transpiration
Advection moves clouds/water vapour inland
Water vapour in the atmosphere can condense into water moisture
Rainwater can be intercepted by vegetation slowing down the movement of the water
water may move over the surface as overland flow
may be stored in puddles or lakes
Pyramidal peak
Three corries erode back to back
Arête
Two corries erode back to back
Drumlin
-drumlins are made up of unsorted materials and consist of till/boulder clay
-drumlins are formes as the glacier becomes overloaded with sediment and deposits it, streamlining the sediment.
Ribbon lake
-when the softer bedrock can erode deeper than the surrounding area
-when the terminal moraine creates a dam
Hanging valley
-Hanging valleys are created through glaciation
-Gravity causes them to flow down hill
-the degree to which glaciers can erode down into the landscape is dictated by their size
-small glaciers can erode only shallow valleys while large glaciers can erode much deeper valleys
- a hanging valley is a shadow valley carved by a small glacier
Example of an arete
Striding edge
Example of a pyramidal peak
Mount snowdon
Headland
-Headlands and bays are most likely to be formed in areas where there are alternative bands of soft and hard rock
-The softer rock, for example, clay, will erode more quickly forming bays which make sandy beaches.
- The harder rock for example, chalk, will erode more slowly forming headlands which jut into the sea. This is called differential erosion.
Cliff
-All of the processes come together to form a wave cut notch at the base of the cliff.
-Over time the wave cut notch is eroded further backwards
-when the weight of the cliff above and the force of gravity become too great, the cliff will fall into the sea.
