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final exam principles of nurse anesthesia > Physic mini study guide 1 (states of matter-avogadros number) > Flashcards

Physic mini study guide 1 (states of matter-avogadros number) Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the boiling point?

A

the temperature at which a liquid’s vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure.

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2
Q

what happens to the boiling point with increased atmospheric pressure?

A

increased boiling point

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3
Q

what happens to the boiling point with decreased atmospheric pressure?

A

decreased boiling point

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4
Q

describe where you may encounter decreased atmospheric pressure?

A

mountains

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5
Q

describe where you may encounter increased atmospheric pressure

A

HBO chamber

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6
Q

what is the specific heat mean?

A

the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celcius

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7
Q

what is the vapor pressure? describe?

A

the pressure that molecules in the gas phase exert on the walls of the container

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8
Q

what is the vapor pressure primarily dependent on?

A

the liquid’s temperature

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9
Q

with the temperature of a liquid increases what happens to the vapor pressure?

A

increases

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10
Q

with the temperature of a liquid decreases what happens to the vapor pressure?

A

decreases

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11
Q

what is the vapor pressure at body temperature?

A

47 mmHg

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12
Q

what does not affect vapor pressure?

A

altitude

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13
Q

what is the process called, by which a liquid is converted to a gas?

A

vaporization

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14
Q

vaporization requires what?

A

energy (heat)

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15
Q

describe what latent heat of vaporization?

A

the number of calories required to convert 1 gram of liquid to vapor without a temperature change

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16
Q

what is the vapor pressure of sevoflurane?

A

157 torr

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17
Q

what is the vapor pressure of isoflurane?

A

238 torr

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18
Q

what is the vapor pressure of halothane?

A

243 torr

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19
Q

what is the vapor pressure of desflurane?

A

669 torr

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20
Q

why does desflurane require a special vaporizer?

A

because its vapor pressure is so close to atmospheric pressure that it becomes chaotic that it all wants to go to a gas resulting in inconsistence.

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21
Q

if sevoflurane is placed in isoflurane’s vaporizer, what could happen? how?

A

you could overdose your patient

because the isoflurane has a higher vapor pressure than sevoflurane

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22
Q

fresh gas flows over the anesthetic liquid carrying some of the agent present in the gas phase to the patient for anesthetic purposes, however, this will cool the liquid which reduces what?

A

the vapor pressure of the liquid and thus the vaporizer output

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23
Q

how does modern vaporizers compensate for the temperature changes due to the fresh gas flow cooling effect? 3 examples?

A

1) they use metals with high thermal conductivity. they transfer heat easily like cooper and bronze
(2) they use a temperature compensation valve to modulate the amount of FGF that is directed into the vaporizing chamber(SEVO, ISO)
(3) they apply direct heat to the anesthetic liquid (DES)

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24
Q

describe the joule thompson effect?

A

a gas stored at high pressure that is suddenly released from its container quickly looses it speed and temperature (due to a loss of kinetic energy)

Rapid compression of a gas intensifies its kinetic energy, causing the temperature to rise

remember JOULE is COOL

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25
Q

what is the adiabatic process?

A

a process that occurs without gain or loss of energy (heat)

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26
Q

give an example of an adiabatic process?

A

rapid expansion or compression of a gas where there is no transfer of energy.

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27
Q

describe what the critical temperature is?

A

the highest temperature a gas can exist as a liquid

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28
Q

what is the critical temperature of nitrous oxide?

A

36.5C

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29
Q

what is room temperature in celcius?

A

20C

30
Q

what is the critical temperature of oxygen?

A

-119C

31
Q

what is the critical temperature of carbon dioxide?

A

31 C

32
Q

what is the critical temperature of air?

A

-140 C

33
Q

what is the critical temperature of nitrogen?

A

-147 C

34
Q

describe what critical pressure is?

A

the minimum pressure required to convert a gas to a liquid at its temperature

35
Q

what is the absolute temperature scale measured in?

A

kelvin

36
Q

0 degrees celcius equals what in kelvin?

A

273 Kelvin

37
Q

what is the equation to convert kelvin to celsius

A

K - 273

38
Q

what is the equation to convert celsius to kelvin

A

C+273

39
Q

There is ______ degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water on the Fahrenheit scale

A

180

40
Q

There is _______ degrees between the boiling and freezing points of water of the celsius scale?

A

100

41
Q

what is the equation to convert fahrenheit to celsius

A

(F-32) x 5/9

42
Q

what is the equation to convert celsius to fahrenheit?

A

(Cx1.8) +32

43
Q

air pressure results from ____ pulling on the atmosphere.

A

gravity

44
Q

atmospheric pressure, is the pressure associated with ____ in the atmosphere?

A

gas

45
Q

what is used to measure pressure on gas cylinders?

A

bourdon gauge

46
Q

how does a bourdon gauge measure gas cylinder pressure?

A

measures the pressure difference between the pressure exerted by the gas in a cylinder and the atmospheric pressure.

47
Q

what is gauge pressure?

A

the pressure of a system above or below atmospheric pressure

48
Q

what is the absolute pressure?

A

a total of atmospheric pressure plus the gauge pressure

49
Q

1 atm equals how many mmHg

A

760

50
Q

1 atm equals how many torr?

A

760

51
Q

760 torr equal how many bar

A

1

52
Q

1 bar equals how many kPa

A

100 kPa

53
Q

100 kPa equals how many cm H2O?

A

1033

54
Q

1033 cm H2O equals how many lb/inch2?

A

14.7 lb/inch2

55
Q

1 mmHg equals how many cm H20?

A

1.36 cm H2O

56
Q

1 cm H2O equals how many mmHg?

A

0.74 mmHg

57
Q

what is the equation for pressure?

A

force/area

58
Q

increased area = _____ pressure

A

decreased

59
Q

decreased area = ____ pressure

A

increased

60
Q

what is the standard molar volume?

A

22.4 L

61
Q

what is STP?

A

standard temperature and pressure, used to compare sets of data between gases

62
Q

0 celsius = ____ atm

A

1

63
Q

273.16 K = _____ mmHg

A

760 mmHg

64
Q

______ kPa = 273.16 kelvin

A

101.325 kPa

65
Q

_____ kelvin= 760 torr

A

273.16 Kelvin

66
Q

Avogadro’s number is what?

A

1 mole of any gas is made up of 6.023 x 10^23 atoms

67
Q

A mole of a gas is equal to the __________ of that gas in grams

A

molecular weight

meaning if the molecular weight of helium is 4 grams, then 4 grams of helium contains 6.023 x 10 ^23 atoms

68
Q

diatomic gases have ____ molecules?

A

2

69
Q

give an example of a diatomic molecule?

A

oxygen

70
Q

so one mole of oxygen weighs?

A

32 grams instead of 16 grams, because it is diatomic

71
Q

so how many atoms is in 32 grams of oxygen?

A

6.023 x 10^23 atoms

final exam principles of nurse anesthesia (12 decks)

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