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Colin Endo/Repro Final > PHYS - Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

PHYS - Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is Thelarche?

A

Breast development

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2
Q

What is adrenarche?

A

Increase in androgen secretion

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3
Q

What is Menarche?

A

Initiation of menstrual cycle

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4
Q

Describe gonadotropic secretion levels through fetal development and infancy

A

LH ans FSH spike up during fetal development and plummet as developing baby approaches birth

During infancy, LH and FSH spike up again in a similar fashion. Secretions plummet at around 6 months

FSH > LH

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5
Q

Describe gonadotropic seceretion levels through childhood and puberty

A

LH and FSH levels remain very low and stagnant through childhood

LH and FSH levels gradually increase through puberty as child approaches menarche

FSH > LH

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6
Q

Describe gonadotropic secretion levels through reproductive years

A

LH and FSH exhibit large spikes in secretion levels once every month.

LH surge is what induces ovulation

LH > FSH

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7
Q

Describe gonadotropic secretion levels through menopause

A

LH and FSH secretions gradually increase as women age and eventually reach a plateau

FSH > LH

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8
Q

What are the two phases of the ovarian cycle?

A

Follicular Phase and Luteal Phase

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9
Q

What are the phases of the Endometrial Cycle?

A

Menses (Menstrual Phase), Proliferative Phase, and Secretory Phase

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10
Q

How do the phases of the ovarian cycle and the Endometrial cycle coincide?

A

Follicular Phase coincides with the Proliferative Phase

Luteal Phase coincides with the Secretory Phase

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11
Q

When is oocyte development first arrested?

A

Oocytes begin their development while fetus is developing in the mother

Primordial follicle is arrested in Prophase of Meiosis I

Remains inactive through childhood

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12
Q

Primordial Follicle

A

Primary oocyte surrounded by pregranulosa cells

Pregranulosa cells do not secrete steroid hormones, only paracrine factors at this point

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13
Q

What is the state of the DNA content of the primary Oocyte

A

4N - Diploid 92 chromosomes

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14
Q

How do theca cells come to be?

A

Paracrine factors produced by Secondary Follicle induce nearby stroma cells to differentiate into Thec cells

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15
Q

At what stage are Glomerulosa and Theca cells responsive to gonadotropins?

A

Antral Phase

Once the antrum forms, the glomerulosa cells respond to FSH and theca cells respond to LH

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16
Q

When do granulosa cells express LH receptprs>

A

Late in the follicular phase

17
Q

How are androgens produced in the Granulosa and tehca cells?

A

Theca cells in response to LH produce Androstenedione

Androstenedione is then taken up by the GRanulosa cells, which convert Androstenedione to Estradiol via aromatiztion

18
Q

What keeps the primary oocyte in meiosis arrest in the mature follicle?

A

cAMP

19
Q

How is the dominan follicle picked?

A

Mural Granulosa cells produce small amounts of estrogen and Inhibin B, causing a decrease in FSH secretion

The follicle with the most FSH receptors (most sensitive to FSH becomes the dominant cell

The others undergo atrsia

20
Q

During follicular atresia what happens to the granulosa and theca cells

A

Granulosa cells undergo apoptosis

Theca cells remain and repopulate Stroma

21
Q

DO THECA CELLS PRODUCE ESTRADIOL>

A

NOOOO

Only progesterone and Androstenedione

22
Q

DO GRANULOSA CELLS PRODUCE ESTRADIOL?

A

YESSS

Using Androstenedione from theca cells

Also produce progesterone

23
Q

How does body temperature change over the course of the menstrual cycle?

A

High estradiol during the Follicular Phase casues a decrease in body temp

High Progesterone during the Luteal Phase causes an increase in body temp

24
Q

How do mixed oral contraceptives work?

A

You take supplemental Estradiol and Progesterone, which suppress LH and FSH secretion to the point where ovulation does not occur

25
Q

How do progestin oral contraceptives work?

A

Progestin supplements only

Make cerivcal muscous too thick for sperm to swim through

Impair motility uterine tubes and uterus, inhibiting motility of sperm and ovum to meeting point

Does not prevent ovulation like mixed oral contraceptives

26
Q

What is menorarhagia?

A

Lots of blood loss during period

27
Q

What is Dysmenorrhea?

A

Painful periods

28
Q

Oligomenorrhea?

A

Few, irregular periods

29
Q

Amenorrhea?

A

Absence of periods

30
Q

What is endometriosis?

A

Tissue that normally grows in the uterus, grows outside the uterus, and bleeds each month witht he menstrual cycle

31
Q

What is Turner Syndrome?

A

Female with Single X Chromosome (45, X Genotype)

Primary hypogonadism

Ovaries are non functioning, causes elevated FSH

Short stature
Delayed puberty
Webbed neck
Learning dissability
SWeeling of hands and feet
Skeletal abnormalities

Colin Endo/Repro Final (12 decks)

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