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Cardiovascular > Phys Lecture 2: Cardiac Cycle > Flashcards

Phys Lecture 2: Cardiac Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

When atrial pressure is greater than ventricle pressure, the AV valve will be (open or closed)

A

open

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2
Q

What prevents regurgitation of blood from the ventricle back into the atria?

A

closure of AV valves

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3
Q

When the left ventricular pressure is less than the aortic pressure the aortic valve is (open or closed)

A

closed

*this also prevent regurgitation

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4
Q

What initiates the cardiac cyle?

A

electrical signal that depolarizes atria/SA node

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5
Q

What is the P wave?

A

atrial depolarization

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6
Q

What is the QRS complex?

A

ventricular depolarization

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7
Q

What is the T wave?

A

ventricular repolarization

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8
Q

Why is the P wave smaller than the QRS?

A

atria has less mass and slower conduction

than the ventricles

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9
Q

At what part of the ventricle’s cardiac cycle does the pressure reach its peak?

A

reducted ejection

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10
Q

T or F: When blood is ejected from the left ventricle to the aorta, the pressure in the L ventricle is always higher than in the aorta

A

F: you may think that this would be true in order to keep the aortic valve open, but in reality it may not be. However, the blood is moving and therefore has more momentum and more total energy than the the aorta = keep the blood flowing from ventricle to aorta (and valve open)

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11
Q

T or F: Aortic pressure never fall rapidly (in health)

A

T (bc aorta always has blood in it)

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12
Q

What causes retrograde flow in the aorta? Why would this happen?

A

recoil from muscle cells after ventricular relaxation

helps to close the aortic valve

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13
Q

When do the atria fill with blood?

A

during ventricular systole

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14
Q

T ot F: the second heart sound is more prolonged than the first

A

F: the first is more prolonged than the first

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15
Q

What generates the frist heart sound?

A

vibration of blood in ventricles following closure of AV valves (NOT the actual closure of the valves)

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16
Q

How does S1 compare to S2?

A

lower pitched, more intense and longer

17
Q

What generates the 2nd heart sound?

A

oscillation of blood in aorta and pulmonary arteries following closure of aortic and pulmonary valves

18
Q

What generates the 3rd heart sound?

A

during early diastole, vibration of blood during ventricular filling
**more intense in heart failure

19
Q

When does the 4th heart sound occur?

A

during atrial contraction and is low in intesity and pitch

20
Q

If ventricles become stiffened (loss of compliance), which heart sound becomes more prominent?

A

S3 (due to vibration of blood in ventricles during ventricular filling = diastolic sound)

21
Q

Work of heart =

A

pressure X volume

W = PV

22
Q

What is EDV?

A

preload!

volume of filled ventricles (right before ejection/contraction)

23
Q

What is preload?

A

pressure at the end of diastole

EDV or the volume of blood in the ventricles right before it is ejected

24
Q

What is afterload?

A

the pressure the ventricles must create to open the aortic valve

*pressure is caused by volume

25
Q

What is systolic pressure?

A

peak pressure in the AORTA

26
Q

What is diastolic pressure?

A

minimum pressure in the AORTA

27
Q

How does increase in preload affect SV and systolic pressure?

A

it increases SV

28
Q

Why will a change in afterload affect SV?

A

increasing the pressure that the ventricle must create/pump causes inc resistance that the pump has to work against (W=PV) –> a slower contraction = less blood pumped (not all pumped out before next contraction/AP?)

29
Q

What effect on SV and systolic pressure does decreasing the preload have?

A

dec SV and dec systolic pressure

30
Q

What effect does inc afterload have on SV and systolic pressure?

A

dec SV and inc systolic pressure

31
Q

What effect does dec afterload have on SV and systolic pressure

A

inc SV and dec systolic pressure

32
Q

How can contractility be increased?

decrease?

A

inc sympathetic activity = inc Ca = inc contraction
intracell
withdrawal sympathetic activity or inc parasympathetic activity

33
Q

What effect on SV and systolic pressure does an inc in contractility cause

A

inc SV and inc SP

34
Q

How can the heart compensate for an increase in afterload? (2)

A
  1. increase contractility
  2. inc preload

*maintains SV = maintains CO

Cardiovascular (31 decks)

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