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Cardiovascular > Atherosclerosis > Flashcards

Atherosclerosis Flashcards

1
Q

vaso vasorum

A

in tunica adventitia

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1
Q

Erosion vs ulceration

A

erosion is more superficial (epithlium) ulceration is eriotion of epi and BM

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2
Q

foam cells

A

artheroma

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3
Q

endothelial injury causes decreased ….

A

NO an anti-thrombotic substances

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3
Q

rupture of the plaque

A

artheroemboli

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4
Q

fibrous cap forms over ___

A

artheroma

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4
Q

What is the worst complication of artherlosclerosis

A

superimposed thrombosis

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4
Q

2 categories of vulnerable plaque

A

largeness of artheroma smallness of fibrosis cap

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5
Q

pure fibrous tissue

A

adventitis?

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5
Q

Formation of foam cells overstuffed with ____

A

LDL

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6
Q

feature of later atherosclerosis–ingrowth of capillaries thru outer layer (T adventitia) and middle layer (T media) into the T intima creating abnormal blood vessels that are prone to rupture (constriction of T media –> interplaque hemorrhage)

A

neovascualrization

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7
Q

purple stuff on artery biopsy

A

calcification (common on advance lesions)

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8
Q

deposited of _______ in ECM

A

wavy collagen

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9
Q

What cells are recruited?

A

leukocytes and monocytes

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11
Q

_______ disease

A

chronic inflammatory

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12
Q

loose area on artery biopsy

A

artheroma

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13
Q

smooth muscle cells that squeeze lumen

A

tunica media

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15
Q

extrernal elastic lamina is (more or less) developed than interal.. where is it found?

A

less adevent and media

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16
Q

late stage of arthlerosclerosis What stain is used?

A

sclerosis trichrome (stains blue) ** aneurysm in pic in ppt

17
Q

foam cells form from _____

A

macrophages which have engorged themselves with LDL

19
Q

What inflammatory cytokines are released after endothelial injury?

A

IL-1 IL-6 TNF-alpha

20
Q

____ follows artheroma

A

fibrosis/sclerosis

21
Q

involves what size arteries?

A

large and medium (not small!)

22
Q

Aneurisms are a disease of _____

A

T media (when it becomes thin)

24
Q

disease of the _____ layer

A

tunica intima

25
Q

coposed of amorphous enosinophillic debris, clholertiol clefts, fibrin, smooth muscle cells, and foam cells

A

atheroma

26
Q

dark red clumps (not in lumen) denser red clumps (in lumen)

A

intraplaque hemorrage thrombosis

27
Q

is fibrosis/sclerosis reversible or irreveersible

A

irreversible

27
Q

Where does arthlersclerois form? Why?

A

branch point of artery bc there is turbulent flow which injures endothelium

29
Q

in an atheroma caused by constriction of T media on neovascualrization

A

intraplaque hemorrhage

30
Q

at each branch point of a blood vessels there is _____

A

turbulent flow –> endothelial injury

32
Q

Fatty streaks, accumulation of lipid in tunica intima, is (reversible/irreversible)

A

reversible

33
Q

channels in artery biopsy going from

A

area of rupture (neovascualrization ruptures)

34
Q

central nuclei, lack cell features, pale cytoplasm

A

foam cell

35
Q

***** ___% stenosis/narrowing of lumen is the critical threshold (between moderate and severe) for ischemic events causing problems of O2 supply to heart ****

A

**** 75% stenosis **** (+ inc demand or vasospasm –> sudden death)

36
Q

A thin fibrous can can lead to

A

rupture and embolism

37
Q

where cholesterol used to be, needle shaped

A

cholesterol clefts

38
Q

COmplications of arthlerosclerosis

A

calciufication fissuring ulceration (erosion thru epithelium and BM) rupture artheroembolism intraplaque hemhorrage erosion of epithelium (lining only) superimposed thrombosis** the worst

39
Q

fibrous cap is primary composed of ____

A

collagen, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes

40
Q

cholesterol clefts and peripheral calcification

A

artheroma

41
Q

wavy line on miscoscopic artery sample

A

Elastic lamina

42
Q

boundry between tuical inti,ma and media

A

internal elastic lamina

43
Q

steps of artherlosclrosis

A

1: endothelial cells injury –> malfunction 2: accumulation of lipid in tunica intima (LDL) 3. leukocyte recruitment into tunica intima and smooth muscle cells recruited from tunica media 4: foam cell formation 5. ECM deposition (fibrosis, sclerosis

44
Q

What type of lipid is trapped?

A

LDL

45
Q

peripheral blood eosinophillia

A

artheroemboli in larger arteries (aorta, subcalvian) *just like infection with worms not common in artheroemboli in coronary or cerebral arteries. common in bigger ones, subclavian, aortic

Cardiovascular (31 decks)

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