phys- learning, memory Flashcards
anterograde amnesia
cannot form memories AFTER onset of disorder
retrograde amnesia
lose memories formed BEFORE onset of disorder
two types of declarative/explicit memory
semantic memory
episodic memory
semantic memory
function
location
facts
lateral + anterior temporal cortex, prefrontal cortex
episodic memory
function
location
events
hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, neocortex
4 types of nondeclarative/implicit memory
procedural memory
priming / perceptual memory
associative learning
nonassociative learning
2 categories of long term memory
declarative/explicit memory
nondeclarative/implicit memory
procedural memory
function
location
skills, habits
cerebellum, motor cortex
priming / perceptual memory
location
neocortex
associative learning
function
location
classical conditioning
amygdala, cerebellum
nonassociative learning
function
location
hallucinations
reflex pathways
declarative long-term memory is stored where
cortex, hippocampus, MTL (medial temporal lobe), medial thalamus
word recall is stored where
left frontal lobe
left parahippocampal cortex
picture / scene recall is stored where
right frontal lobe
bilateral parahippocampal cortex
short-term memory is stored where
parietal + frontal cortex
declarative memory is impaired by what nutrient deficiency
thiamine deficiency- causes damage in mammillary bodies
synaptic plasticity
ability of neurons to modify strength of their connections
LTP (long-term potentiation)
cellular model for learning and memory
what does LTP induction depend on
NMDAR (glutamate receptor permeable to Na+, Ca2+)
what is the name of NMDAR blocker/inhibitor
AP5
what substance leaves its connection with NMDAR after membrane depolarization
Mg2+
2 things NMDAR activation needs
1- postsynaptic membrane depolarization
2- binding of glutamate (which is released from presynaptic terminal)
excitotoxicity
too much NMDAR activation = too much Ca2+ influx / tocixicity
neuro structures that decrease as we age
brain size
brain blood perfusion
cognitive function
loss of neural connections
