phys- autonomics Flashcards by Marissa Bobay

visceral =

involuntary

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somatic =

voluntary

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visceral efferent =

parasympathetics

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sympathetic response =

fight or flight

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parasympathetic response =

rest and digest

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sympathetic pathway

location

thoracolumbar

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sympathetic pathway

fiber length

short preganglionic
long postganglionics

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sympathetic pathway

location of ganglia

paired paravertebral, prevertebral

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sympathetic pathway

degree of collateral branching

branched
-allows for activation of more postganglionic cells

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parasympathetic pathway

degree of collateral branching

not branched

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parasympathetic pathway

location of ganglia

at / near organ

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parasympathetic pathway

fiber length

long preganglionic
short postganglionic

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parasympathetic pathway

location

craniosacral

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parasympathetic responses

constricts pupils, bronchi, bladder

stimulates salivation, digestion, gallbladder

relaxes heart, rectum

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sympathetic responses

dilates pupils

relaxes bronchi, bladder

stimulates heart, glucose release by liver, epi / norepi release by kidney, rectum

inhibits salivation, digestion

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acetylcholine (Ach)

for what nerve type
ganglia location
nerve terminal location

cholinergic nerves
all sympathetic + parasympathetic ganglia
parasympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals

2 types of cholinergic receptors

muscarinic receptors (M)

nicotinic receptors (N)

2 types of adrenergic receptors + their subtypes

alpha
-alpha 1
-alpha 2

beta
-beta 1
-beta 2
-beta 3

norepinephrine (NE)

for what nerve type
nerve terminal location

adrenergic nerves
most sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals

sympathetic postganglionic nerve terminals that norepinephrine is not at (the 3 exceptions)

sweat glands
kidneys
adrenal gland

epinephrine (EPI)

released from

from adrenal medulla in response to sympathetic signal

eyes

sympathetic response

pupil dilates (mydriasis)
-dilator pupillae m. contracts (alpha 1)
-ciliary m. relaxes (beta 2)

aqueous humor produced by ciliary epithelium (beta 2)

eyes

parasympathetic response

pupil constricts (miosis)
-sphincter pupillae m. contracts (M)
-ciliary m. contracts (M)

lacrimal gland produces tears (M)

heart

sympathetic response

increase HR and force of contraction (beta 1)

heart parasympathetic response

decrease HR and force of contraction (M)

blood vessels sympathetic response

vasoconstriction in skin, abdomen, renal area (alpha 1) vessels in skeletal muscle relax (beta 2)

blood vessels parasympathetic response

blood vessels not usually innervated by parasympathetic fibers

lungs sympathetic response

smooth muscle dilation (beta 2) due to epi released by adrenal gland

lungs parasympathetic response

bronchoconstriction (M)

GI sympathetic response

muscle walls relax (beta 2) sphincters contract (alpha 1)

GI parasympathetic response

muscle walls contract (M) sphincters relax (M)

reproductive- male sympathetic response

ejaculation (alpha 1)

reproductive- male parasympathetic response

erection (M)

reproductive- female sympathetic response

orgasm (alpha 1)

reproductive- female parasympathetic response

lubrication (M)

metabolism sympathetic response only

increases gluconeogenesis (beta 2, alpha 1) increases glycogenolysis (beta 2, alpha 1) increases lipolysis (beta 3)

glands sympathetic response

eccrine glands are thermoregulatory apocrine glands stimulate sweat (alpha 1) salivatory glands produce viscous, low volume saliva (alpha 1)

glands parasympathetic response

salivatory glands produce watery, high volume saliva (M) lacrimal gland produces tears (M)

predominant tone

influence on the body at rest