Phys I suppose

Question 1

follicle maturation

Answer 1

first four have ovum
1. primordial follicle
2. primary follicle
3. secondary follicle with follicular antrum
4. graafian follicle
OVULATION
5. corpus luteum
6. corpus albicans

Question 2

follicle purpose

Answer 2

site of oocyte development and hormone production

Question 3

hormones produced by granolas cell

Answer 3

steroid: estrogen, progesterone
peptide: inhibin, activin

Question 4

corpus luteum

Answer 4

produces: estrogen, progesterone, inhibin, activin

regresses 10 days after fertilization if no fertilization occurs

Question 5

What is the main provider of cholesterol for steroid hormone synthesis?

Answer 5

LDL

Question 6

cholesterol desmolase (CYP11A1)

Answer 6

theca cell: important in E and P production; testis: T production
convert cholesterol to pregnenolone
under LH control

Question 7

3B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Answer 7

pregnenolone to progesterone

DHEA to androstenedione

Question 8

What cells in the ovary produce progesterone?

What regulates its production>

Answer 8

production regulated by LH
theca
granulosa: follicular phase
corpus luteum: after ovulation

Question 9

What cells in the ovary produce estrogen?

What regulates its production?

Answer 9

production regulated by: FSH, LH
granulosa cells: follicular phase
corpus luteum: after ovulation(luteal phase)

Question 10

17 B hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase

Answer 10

granulosa cell: important in E production; testis

androstenedione to testosterone

Question 11

aromatase

Answer 11

granulosa cell: important in E production
testosterone to estrogen
under FSH control

Question 12

functions of granulosa cell

Answer 12

1. nourish oocyte
2. secrete messenger that influence the oocyte and theca cells
3. secrete antral fluid
4. site of action for E and FSH in follicle development in early and middle follicular phase
5. convert estrogen to androgen
6. inhibin
7. site of action for LH induction of changes in oocyte and follicle culminating in ovulation and formation of corpus luteum

Question 13

inhibin

Answer 13

sertoli or granulosa cell

inhibits FSH

Question 14

H-P-ovary feedback in menstrual cycle

1. early and mid follicular phase
2. mid cycle: immediately before ovulation
3. luteal phase

Answer 14

1. FSH and LH stimulate E by follicular cells: low [E]: neg feedback on LH, FSH
2. high [E] pos. feedback: increase GnRH production, increase anterior pituitary GnRH receptors, increase LH, FSH: ovulatory surge: release of mature oocyte
3. progesterone is produced: neg. feedback: inhibit FSH and LH

Question 15

what is the goal of contraception

Answer 15

inhibit FSH and LH: reduce estrogen

Question 16

beta globulin

Answer 16

same as SHBG

Question 17

effects of estrogen

1. uterus
2. ovary
3. vagina
4. fallopian tubes
5. breast
6. ant. pituitary
7. bone
8. liver
9. heart
10. vessels

Answer 17

1. growth, maturation, maintenance of pregnancy
2. growth
3. maturation
4. stimulate ciliary activity
5. feedback (neg. and pos.); PRL secretion
6. growth
7. preserve bone density
8. decrease LDL
9. cardioprotective
10. anti-atherosclerotic

Question 18

effects of progesterone

1. uterus
2. breast
3. Ant. pituitary
4. body temp.

Answer 18

1. regulates secretory activity in luteal phase, prep endometrium for pregnancy, maintain pregnancy, decrease spontaneous contractions
2. regulate development
3. neg. feedback: FSH, LH
4. increases (1 day after ovulation)

Question 19

best time for fertilization

Answer 19

12-24 hr of ovulation

BEFORE increase in body temp

Question 20

activin

Answer 20

pos. feedback on ant pituitary: stimulates FSH: stimulate estrogen production

Question 21

Where are sperm produced?

Answer 21

seminiterous tubules

Question 22

sertoli cell function

Answer 22

nursing: support cells
control: FSH, testosterone
1. nourish
2. blood-testis barrier
3. SHBG production
4. inhibin production
5. produce estrogen
6. GF for Leydig cells
7. eliminate defective sperm
8. AMH
9. SPERMATOGENESIS

Question 23

testosterone function

Answer 23

1. stimulate sperm production
2. secondary sex characteristics
3. neg. feedback on LH

Question 24

5 alpha reductase

Answer 24

TARGET tissue (not testis)
testosterone to DHT

Question 25

T precursors

Answer 25

pregnenolone
progesterone
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
androstnedione

Question 26

statins effect on T and E in a man

Answer 26

no change in T

increase circulating E

Question 27

T production by age

1. birth
2. early infancy
3. reproductive age
4. greater than 55 years

Answer 27

1. drops
2. transient mini-puberty, then drops
3. peaks
4. reduces with age

Question 28

effects of T and DHT in male

Answer 28

1. stimulate spermatogenesis
2. maintain function of seminal vesicles (T); prostate (DHT)
3. induce secondary sex characteristics
4. protein anabolism, regulate bone growth
5. sex drive, aggression
6. neg. feedback on GnRH and LH (T)

Question 29

T and DHT effects: male secondary characteristics

1. breast
2. hair
3. skin
4. muscle
5. bone
6. metabolism
7. RBC
8. aggression
9. depression
10. fat
11. sex drive

Answer 29

1. oppose E
2. pubic, chest, facial hair growth; baldness (DHT)
3. increase thickness, sebaceous glands (DHT)
4. growth (T)
5. growth, Ca retention
6. increase
7. increase EPO
8. increase
9. decrease
10. decrease
11. increase

Question 30

E production in males

Answer 30

liver, testes, muscle, brain, fat

necessary for male fertility: present in seminiferous tubules to control spermatogenesis