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AUBF - PRELIM > PHYS EXAM OF URINE > Flashcards

PHYS EXAM OF URINE Flashcards

1
Q

Normal Urine Color

A

Light yellow
Yellow
Dark yellow
Amber

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2
Q

yellow color of the urine

NAMED BY

A

Urochrome - Thudichum

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3
Q

Product of endogeneous metabolism , and under normal conditions the body produces it at a constant rate.

A

Urochrome

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4
Q

2 additional pigments present in the urine in much smaller quantities and contribute little to the color of normal , fresh urine.

A

Uroerythrin and Urobilin

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5
Q

Pink pigment, is most evident in specimens that have been refrigerated, resulting in the precipitation of amorphous urates,

A

Uroerythrin

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6
Q

Uroerythrin attaches to the __ , producing a pink color to the sediment.

A

urates

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7
Q

Oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent, imparts an orange –brown color to the urine that is not fresh.

A

Urobilin

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8
Q

Abnormal Urine Color

A

Dark Yellow
Red/Pink/Brown
Brown/Black
Blue/Green

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9
Q

May not always signify a normal concentrated urine but can be caused by the presence of abnormal pigment bilirubin.

A

Dark Yellow/Amber/Orange

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10
Q

it will be detected during the chemical examination; however, its presence is suspected if a yellow foam appears when the specimen is shaken.

A

bilirubin

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11
Q

A urine specimen that contains bilirubin may also contain

A

hepatitis virus

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12
Q

The photo-oxidation of large amounts of excreted _ to _ will also produce a yellow-orange urine, however, yellow foam does not appear when the specimen is shaken.

A

urobilinogen to urobilin

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13
Q

Photo-oxidation of bilirubin imparts a __ color to the urine.

A

yellow-green

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14
Q

Caused by the administration of phenazopyridine (___) or ___ compounds to persons with UTI

A

Yellow-Orange
Pyridium
azo-gantrisin

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15
Q

phenazopyridine will produce a yellow foam when shaken which could be mistaken for bilirubin.

A

phenazopyridine will produce a yellow foam when shaken which could be mistaken for bilirubin.

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16
Q

is the usual color that blood produces in urine, but the color may range from pink to brown depending on:
1
2
3

A

Red

the amount of blood
pH of the urine
Length of contact

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17
Q

Red Urine

1 Clear

2 Cloudy

A
  • -Hemoglobinuria (Red Plasma)
  • -Myoglobinuria (Clear Plasma)

—-Red Blood Cells Present (Hematuria)

18
Q

also may appear red resulting from the oxidation of porphobilinogen to prophyrins.

They are often referred to as having the color of

A

porphyrins

port wine.

19
Q

Nonpathologic causes of red urine

A

blackberies alkaline

beets acidic

20
Q

Additional testing is recommended for urine specimens that turn brown or black on standing and have a ( - ) chemical test results for blood, in as much as they contain

A

melanin or homogentisic acid.

21
Q

Oxidation product of the colorless pigment, melanogen, produced in excess when a _ is present.

A

Melanin

malignant melanoma

22
Q

Metabolite of phenylalanine, imparts a black color to alkaline urine from persons with the in-born error of metabolism ___

A

Homogentisic acid

alkaptonuria

23
Q

Medications producing brown/black urines include:

A

Levodopa
Methyldopa
Phenol derivatives
Metronidazole (Flagyl)

24
Q

limited to bacterial infections, including UTI resulting in increased urinary indican.

A

Blue/Green

25
Q

Normal Clarity

Precipitation of amorphous phosphates and carbonates may cause a

A

white cloudiness.

26
Q

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A 
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Bacteria
Yeasts
Non squamous epithelial cells
Abnormal crystals
Lymph fluid
Lipids
27
Q

Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

A 
Squamous epithelial cells
Mucus
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates
Semen, spermatozoa
Fecal contamination
Radiologic contrast media
Talcum powder
Vaginal creams
28
Q 
Amorphous urates
Radiologic contrast media
---
Amorphous phosphates, carbonates
--
Amorphous urates, uric acid crystals
--
RBC
Amorphous phosphates , carbonates
--
WBC
Bacteria
Yeasts
Spermatozoa
--
Lipids
Lymphatic fluid, chyle
A 
Acidic Urine
--
Alkaline Urine
--
Soluble with heat
--
Soluble in Dilute Acetic Acid
--
Insoluble in Dilute Acetic Acid
--
Soluble in Ether
29
Q

Defined as density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature.

A

Specific gravity

30
Q

Specific gravity

Provides valuable preliminary information and can be easily performed using :

A

urinometer(hydrometer)
Refractometer
Reagent strip
Automated instrument

31
Q

Consist of weighted float attached to a scale that has been calibrated in terms of urine specific gravity.

A

Urinometer

32
Q

Urinometer

The weighted float displaces a volume of liquid equal to its weight and has been designed to sink to a level of

A

1.000 in DH2O.

33
Q

The additional mass provided by the dissolved substances in urine causes the _to displaced a volume or urine smaller than that of distilled water.

The level to which urinometer __represents the specimen’s mass or specific gravity.

A

float

sinks

34
Q

Less accurate than the other methods currently available and is not recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS).

Requires large volume of specimen __
The urinometer reading may also need to be corrected for temperature.

The calibration temperature is printed on the instrument , and is usually about __

A

Urinometry

(10 to 15 mL)

20oC.

35
Q

Determines the concentration of dissolved particles in a specimen.
It measures refractive index

A

Refractometer

36
Q

 comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light in a solution.

A

Refractive index

37
Q

Refractometer

Temperature is compensated between

A

Temperature is compensated between 15oC and 38oC.

38
Q

Aside from distilled water, can you use other solution to calibrate your refractometer?

A

5% NaCl 1.022 + 0.001

or 9% sucrose 1.034 + 0.001

39
Q

Based on the principle that the frequency of a sound wave entering a solution will change in proportion to the density of the solution.

A

Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry

40
Q

The specific gravity of the plasma filtrate entering the glomerulus is .

A

1.010

Isosthernuric
Hyposthernuric
Hypersthernuric

41
Q

normal random specimen

A

1.003 to 1.035

42
Q

Aromatic

Foul, Ammonia-like

Fruity, Sweet

Maple Syrup

Mousy

Rancid

Sweet feet

Cabbage

Bleach

A

Normal

Bacterial decomposition, UTI

Ketones(DM,starvation,vomitting)

Maple Syrup Urine disease

Phenylketonuria

Tyrosinemia

Isovaleric acidemia

Methionine malabsorption

Contamination

AUBF - PRELIM (3 decks)

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