PHYS EXAM OF URINE

Question 1

Normal Urine Color

Answer 1

Light yellow
Yellow
Dark yellow
Amber

Question 2

yellow color of the urine

NAMED BY

Answer 2

Urochrome - Thudichum

Question 3

Product of endogeneous metabolism , and under normal conditions the body produces it at a constant rate.

Answer 3

Urochrome

Question 4

2 additional pigments present in the urine in much smaller quantities and contribute little to the color of normal , fresh urine.

Answer 4

Uroerythrin and Urobilin

Question 5

Pink pigment, is most evident in specimens that have been refrigerated, resulting in the precipitation of amorphous urates,

Answer 5

Uroerythrin

Question 6

Uroerythrin attaches to the __ , producing a pink color to the sediment.

Answer 6

urates

Question 7

Oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent, imparts an orange –brown color to the urine that is not fresh.

Answer 7

Urobilin

Question 8

Abnormal Urine Color

Answer 8

Dark Yellow
Red/Pink/Brown
Brown/Black
Blue/Green

Question 9

May not always signify a normal concentrated urine but can be caused by the presence of abnormal pigment bilirubin.

Answer 9

Dark Yellow/Amber/Orange

Question 10

it will be detected during the chemical examination; however, its presence is suspected if a yellow foam appears when the specimen is shaken.

Answer 10

bilirubin

Question 11

A urine specimen that contains bilirubin may also contain

Answer 11

hepatitis virus

Question 12

The photo-oxidation of large amounts of excreted _ to _ will also produce a yellow-orange urine, however, yellow foam does not appear when the specimen is shaken.

Answer 12

urobilinogen to urobilin

Question 13

Photo-oxidation of bilirubin imparts a __ color to the urine.

Answer 13

yellow-green

Question 14

Caused by the administration of phenazopyridine (___) or ___ compounds to persons with UTI

Answer 14

Yellow-Orange
Pyridium
azo-gantrisin

Question 15

phenazopyridine will produce a yellow foam when shaken which could be mistaken for bilirubin.

Answer 15

phenazopyridine will produce a yellow foam when shaken which could be mistaken for bilirubin.

Question 16

is the usual color that blood produces in urine, but the color may range from pink to brown depending on:
1
2
3

Answer 16

Red

the amount of blood
pH of the urine
Length of contact

Question 17

Red Urine

1 Clear

2 Cloudy

Answer 17

• -Hemoglobinuria (Red Plasma)
• -Myoglobinuria (Clear Plasma)

—-Red Blood Cells Present (Hematuria)

Question 18

also may appear red resulting from the oxidation of porphobilinogen to prophyrins.

They are often referred to as having the color of

Answer 18

porphyrins

port wine.

Question 19

Nonpathologic causes of red urine

Answer 19

blackberies alkaline

beets acidic

Question 20

Additional testing is recommended for urine specimens that turn brown or black on standing and have a ( - ) chemical test results for blood, in as much as they contain

Answer 20

melanin or homogentisic acid.

Question 21

Oxidation product of the colorless pigment, melanogen, produced in excess when a _ is present.

Answer 21

Melanin

malignant melanoma

Question 22

Metabolite of phenylalanine, imparts a black color to alkaline urine from persons with the in-born error of metabolism ___

Answer 22

Homogentisic acid

alkaptonuria

Question 23

Medications producing brown/black urines include:

Answer 23

Levodopa
Methyldopa
Phenol derivatives
Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Question 24

limited to bacterial infections, including UTI resulting in increased urinary indican.

Answer 24

Blue/Green

Question 25

Normal Clarity | Precipitation of amorphous phosphates and carbonates may cause a

Answer 25

white cloudiness.

Question 26

Pathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

Answer 26

``` Red blood cells White blood cells Bacteria Yeasts Non squamous epithelial cells Abnormal crystals Lymph fluid Lipids ```

Question 27

Nonpathologic Causes of Urine Turbidity

Answer 27

``` Squamous epithelial cells Mucus Amorphous phosphates, carbonates, urates Semen, spermatozoa Fecal contamination Radiologic contrast media Talcum powder Vaginal creams ```

Question 28

``` Amorphous urates Radiologic contrast media --- Amorphous phosphates, carbonates -- Amorphous urates, uric acid crystals -- RBC Amorphous phosphates , carbonates -- WBC Bacteria Yeasts Spermatozoa -- Lipids Lymphatic fluid, chyle ```

Answer 28

``` Acidic Urine -- Alkaline Urine -- Soluble with heat -- Soluble in Dilute Acetic Acid -- Insoluble in Dilute Acetic Acid -- Soluble in Ether ```

Question 29

Defined as density of a solution compared with the density of a similar volume of distilled water at a similar temperature.

Answer 29

Specific gravity

Question 30

Specific gravity | Provides valuable preliminary information and can be easily performed using :

Answer 30

urinometer(hydrometer) Refractometer Reagent strip Automated instrument

Question 31

Consist of weighted float attached to a scale that has been calibrated in terms of urine specific gravity.

Answer 31

Urinometer

Question 32

Urinometer | The weighted float displaces a volume of liquid equal to its weight and has been designed to sink to a level of

Answer 32

1.000 in DH2O.

Question 33

The additional mass provided by the dissolved substances in urine causes the _to displaced a volume or urine smaller than that of distilled water. The level to which urinometer __represents the specimen’s mass or specific gravity.

Answer 33

float | sinks

Question 34

Less accurate than the other methods currently available and is not recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS). Requires large volume of specimen __ The urinometer reading may also need to be corrected for temperature. The calibration temperature is printed on the instrument , and is usually about __

Answer 34

Urinometry (10 to 15 mL) 20oC.

Question 35

Determines the concentration of dissolved particles in a specimen. It measures refractive index

Answer 35

Refractometer

Question 36

 comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light in a solution.

Answer 36

Refractive index

Question 37

Refractometer | Temperature is compensated between

Answer 37

Temperature is compensated between 15oC and 38oC.

Question 38

Aside from distilled water, can you use other solution to calibrate your refractometer?

Answer 38

5% NaCl 1.022 + 0.001 or 9% sucrose 1.034 + 0.001

Question 39

Based on the principle that the frequency of a sound wave entering a solution will change in proportion to the density of the solution.

Answer 39

Harmonic Oscillation Densitometry

Question 40

The specific gravity of the plasma filtrate entering the glomerulus is .

Answer 40

1.010 Isosthernuric Hyposthernuric Hypersthernuric

Question 41

normal random specimen

Answer 41

1.003 to 1.035

Question 42

Aromatic Foul, Ammonia-like Fruity, Sweet Maple Syrup Mousy Rancid Sweet feet Cabbage Bleach

Answer 42

Normal Bacterial decomposition, UTI Ketones(DM,starvation,vomitting) Maple Syrup Urine disease Phenylketonuria Tyrosinemia Isovaleric acidemia Methionine malabsorption Contamination