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AUBF LAB - FINSLS Flashcards

1
Q

16 Macroscopic Stool Characteristics

Color / Appearance

A

Black

Red

Pale, Yellow, White, Gray

Green

Bulky/frothy

Ribbon-like

Mucus/Blood-streaked mucus

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2
Q 
16 Macroscopic Stool 
Possible Causes
B
R
P
G
B
R
M
A 
Upper GI bleeding
Iron therapy
Charcoal
Bismuths (antacids)
----------------
Lower GI bleeding
Beets & food coloring
Rifampin
------------------
Bile-duct obstruction
Barium sulfate
------------------
Biliverdin/Oral antibiotics
Green Veggies
-------------------
BD obstruction
Pancreatic disorder
--------------
Intestinal constriction
--------------
Colitis
Dysentery
Malignancy
Constipation
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3
Q

16 Stool Consistency

A 
Formed
Semi-formed
Soft
Watery
Mucoid
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4
Q

17 Fecal occult blood

produce a black, tarry stool

A

BLEEDING IN THE UPPER GIT

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5
Q

17 Fecal occult blood

result in an overly bloody

A

BLEEDING IN THE LOWER GIT

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6
Q

17 Fecal occult blood
meat free diet for _ days

produce false positive blood test

A

4 days

Salmon,
Sardines,
Mutton

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7
Q

17 Fecal occult blood

PROCEDURE - RESULTS

A

BENZIDINE TEST - BLUE TO GREEN

GUAIAC TEST - BLUE TO GREEN

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8
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

Increases the amount of urobilinogen

A

increased destruction of RBC (hemolytic anemia)

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9
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

reduces the flow of bilirubin in the intestine and decreases the fecal excretion of urobilinogen

A

Liver dse

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10
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

reduces the flow urobilinog to very low levels

A

complete obstruction of BD

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11
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

this test investigates __ and ___ conditions

A

hemolytic disease and hepatic obs. conditions

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12
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

Reference values

A

50-300mg/24hrs or 100-400Ehrlich units/100g

Newborns - 6months (-)

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13
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

PROCEDURE - RESULT

A

Schmidt’s test
Urobilin (normally) - red
Bile (not normal) - green

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14
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

detect the presence of ___ assoc with ___ ___ and ___ __ __ and __ assoc with ___

A

leukocyte

microbial diarrhea

undigested muscle fibers and fats

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15
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

reagent:

A

NSS

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16
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES
Fecal leukocyte primarily __
seen in___

A

neutrophils

conditions that affect the intestinal mucosa

1) Ulcerative colitis
2) bacterial dysentery

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17
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

_ _ _ can be helpful in the dx and monitoring the patients with __ __ such as in cases of __ ___

A

Undigested striated muscle fibers

pancreatic insufficiency
cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

PROCEDURE - RESULT

A

Direct fecal smear - motile stages in fresh stools (cyst) Lugol’s

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19
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

__ is a clear, colorless fluid formed within the cavities (ventricles of the brain)

A

CSF

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20
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

The _____ produces about 70% of the CSF by ___ and ___

A

choroid plexus

ultrafiltration and secretion

21
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

The ___ ___ of the ventricles and ___ __ ___ produce the remainder of the CSF total volume.

A

ependymal lining

cerebral subarachnoid space

22
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Approximately __ of CSF fluid is formed per day, although only __ to __ is present in the system at any one time.

A

500mL

90 to 150mL

23
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Reabsorption of CSF occurs at the ___ __

A

arachnoid villi

24
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

The initial appearance of the normally ______ can provide valuable diagnostic information

A

crystal clear CSF

25
20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF | Appearance--
Crystal, clear Hazy, turbid, cloudy, milky Oily Bloody Xanthochromic Clotted Pellicle
26
20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF | Cause--
``` --- WBCs RBCs Microorganisms, Protein - Radiographic contrast media - RBCs - Hemoglobin Bilirubin Carotene Protein Melanin - Protein Clotting factors - Protein Clotting factors ```
27
20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF | Normal
- -Meningitis, Hemorrhage. - -Traumatic tap, disorders that affect BBB, production of IgG within the CNS ------- --Hemorrhage, Traumatic Tap - -Old hemorrhage - -Lysed cells from tap - -RBC degradation - -Elevated serum bilirubin levels - -Increased carotene blood levels - -Meningeal sarcoma --Traumatic tap - -Disorders that affect the blood-brain barrier - -Tubercular meningitis
28
21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF | Reagents:
Reagents: phenol crystals, distilled water, sat. aqueous solution of phenol, ammonium sulfate, conc. HCL, 2% solution of formaldehyde, 0.06% solution of Sodium nitrate
29
21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF | Protein concentration normally increases from the __ to the ___ and finally to the ____
Protein concentration ventricles cisterns lumbar sac
30
21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF | The CSF protein is a nonspecific but reliable indication of CNS pathology such as __ __ __ and other ___ causing ____
meningitis, brain abscess, MS, | degenerative processes causing neoplastic disease.
31
21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF | Elevated csf levels may be caused by 4
- increased permeability of the BBB - decreased resorption of the arachnoid villi - mech. obstruction of the CSF flow - increased intrathecal immunologic synth
32
21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF | Normal RV
Adults: 15-45mg/dL 15-25mg/dl 5-15mg/dl Neonates: 15-100mg/dl Elderly: (>60yo): 15-60mg/dl
33
21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF | PROCEDURE
Pandy's test - bluish white cloud Ross-Jones test 1+ = thin white ring at zone of contact (disappears) 4+ = heavy cloud (not disappear) Tryptophan
34
22 CHEM DET OF GLUCOSE IN CSF (Qualitative) | Reagents:
Benedict's qualitative rgt | Distilled water
35
22 CHEM DET OF GLUCOSE IN CSF The CSF glucose level varies with the blood glucose levels.. It is usually about _ of BG lvl _ min
60% | 60min
36
22 CHEM DET OF GLUCOSE IN CSF helpful in det 3
impaired transport of glucose from plasma to CSF, INC USE OF Glucose in the CSF, glucose utilization by leukocytes and m.o
37
22 CHEM DET OF CSF GLUCOSE | Markedly dec CSF glu accompanied by an inc wbc count with a large percentage of neutro is indc of
BACTERIAL MENINGITIS
38
22 CHEM DET OF CSF GLUCOSE | NRV
Adult 40-7mgdl or 2.2-3.9mmol/l Child 60-80 or 3.3 to 4.4 CSF-to-plasma glucose ratio <0.5 CSF glucose lvl 60-70% BGL
39
22 CHEM DET OF CSF GLUCOSE | Procedure
Benedicts test Normal sugar - turbid greenish yellow Abs of sugar (patho) - no color change excess of prot but no sugar-deep purplish violet or pinkish-violet color
40
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF | Rgts
wright's stain | methanol
41
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF Normal csf contains _ and _ | ratio of _
lympho and mono | 70:30 in adults
42
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF a higher proportion of _ is present in young children
monocytes
43
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF | inc WBC
pleocytosis
44
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF | elevated WBC
inflam dse hemorrhage neoplasms trauma
45
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF | NRV
adult 0-5wbc/ul or 5x10^6wbc/L nb - 0.30 child 0-15
46
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF L M P (neut)
40-80---5-35 15-45---50-90 0-6---0-8
47
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF | PROCEDURE
total leuko count
48
23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF Princip cells are counted by _ ___are due to traumatic bleeding
manual couning chamber bloody taps

AUBF - PRELIM (3 decks)

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