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AUBF - PRELIM > AUBF LAB - FINSLS > Flashcards

AUBF LAB - FINSLS Flashcards

1
Q

16 Macroscopic Stool Characteristics

Color / Appearance

A

Black

Red

Pale, Yellow, White, Gray

Green

Bulky/frothy

Ribbon-like

Mucus/Blood-streaked mucus

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2
Q 
16 Macroscopic Stool 
Possible Causes
B
R
P
G
B
R
M
A 
Upper GI bleeding
Iron therapy
Charcoal
Bismuths (antacids)
----------------
Lower GI bleeding
Beets & food coloring
Rifampin
------------------
Bile-duct obstruction
Barium sulfate
------------------
Biliverdin/Oral antibiotics
Green Veggies
-------------------
BD obstruction
Pancreatic disorder
--------------
Intestinal constriction
--------------
Colitis
Dysentery
Malignancy
Constipation
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3
Q

16 Stool Consistency

A 
Formed
Semi-formed
Soft
Watery
Mucoid
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4
Q

17 Fecal occult blood

produce a black, tarry stool

A

BLEEDING IN THE UPPER GIT

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5
Q

17 Fecal occult blood

result in an overly bloody

A

BLEEDING IN THE LOWER GIT

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6
Q

17 Fecal occult blood
meat free diet for _ days

produce false positive blood test

A

4 days

Salmon,
Sardines,
Mutton

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7
Q

17 Fecal occult blood

PROCEDURE - RESULTS

A

BENZIDINE TEST - BLUE TO GREEN

GUAIAC TEST - BLUE TO GREEN

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8
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

Increases the amount of urobilinogen

A

increased destruction of RBC (hemolytic anemia)

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9
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

reduces the flow of bilirubin in the intestine and decreases the fecal excretion of urobilinogen

A

Liver dse

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10
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

reduces the flow urobilinog to very low levels

A

complete obstruction of BD

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11
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

this test investigates __ and ___ conditions

A

hemolytic disease and hepatic obs. conditions

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12
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

Reference values

A

50-300mg/24hrs or 100-400Ehrlich units/100g

Newborns - 6months (-)

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13
Q

18 FECAL UROBILIN

PROCEDURE - RESULT

A

Schmidt’s test
Urobilin (normally) - red
Bile (not normal) - green

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14
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

detect the presence of ___ assoc with ___ ___ and ___ __ __ and __ assoc with ___

A

leukocyte

microbial diarrhea

undigested muscle fibers and fats

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15
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

reagent:

A

NSS

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16
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES
Fecal leukocyte primarily __
seen in___

A

neutrophils

conditions that affect the intestinal mucosa

1) Ulcerative colitis
2) bacterial dysentery

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17
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

_ _ _ can be helpful in the dx and monitoring the patients with __ __ such as in cases of __ ___

A

Undigested striated muscle fibers

pancreatic insufficiency
cystic fibrosis

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18
Q

19 MICROCOSPIC EXAMINATION OF FECES

PROCEDURE - RESULT

A

Direct fecal smear - motile stages in fresh stools (cyst) Lugol’s

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19
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

__ is a clear, colorless fluid formed within the cavities (ventricles of the brain)

A

CSF

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20
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

The _____ produces about 70% of the CSF by ___ and ___

A

choroid plexus

ultrafiltration and secretion

21
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

The ___ ___ of the ventricles and ___ __ ___ produce the remainder of the CSF total volume.

A

ependymal lining

cerebral subarachnoid space

22
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Approximately __ of CSF fluid is formed per day, although only __ to __ is present in the system at any one time.

A

500mL

90 to 150mL

23
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Reabsorption of CSF occurs at the ___ __

A

arachnoid villi

24
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

The initial appearance of the normally ______ can provide valuable diagnostic information

A

crystal clear CSF

25
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Appearance–

A

Crystal, clear

Hazy, turbid, cloudy,
milky

Oily

Bloody

Xanthochromic

Clotted

Pellicle

26
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Cause–

A 
---
WBCs RBCs
Microorganisms, Protein
-
Radiographic contrast media
-
RBCs
-
Hemoglobin
Bilirubin
Carotene
Protein
Melanin
-
Protein
Clotting factors
-
Protein
Clotting factors
27
Q

20 MACROSCOPIC EXAMINATION OF CSF

Normal

A
  • -Meningitis, Hemorrhage.
  • -Traumatic tap, disorders that affect BBB, production of IgG within the CNS

–Hemorrhage, Traumatic Tap

  • -Old hemorrhage
  • -Lysed cells from tap
  • -RBC degradation
  • -Elevated serum bilirubin levels
  • -Increased carotene blood levels
  • -Meningeal sarcoma

–Traumatic tap

  • -Disorders that affect the blood-brain barrier
  • -Tubercular meningitis
28
Q

21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF

Reagents:

A

Reagents:
phenol crystals,
distilled water,
sat. aqueous solution of phenol, ammonium sulfate, conc. HCL, 2% solution of formaldehyde, 0.06% solution of Sodium nitrate

29
Q

21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF

Protein concentration normally increases from the __ to the ___ and finally to the ____

A

Protein concentration

ventricles

cisterns

lumbar sac

30
Q

21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF

The CSF protein is a nonspecific but reliable indication of CNS pathology such as __ __ __ and other ___ causing ____

A

meningitis, brain abscess, MS,

degenerative processes causing neoplastic disease.

31
Q

21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF

Elevated csf levels may be caused by 4

A
  • increased permeability of the BBB
  • decreased resorption of the arachnoid villi
  • mech. obstruction of the CSF flow
  • increased intrathecal immunologic synth
32
Q

21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF

Normal RV

A

Adults: 15-45mg/dL
15-25mg/dl
5-15mg/dl

Neonates: 15-100mg/dl
Elderly: (>60yo): 15-60mg/dl

33
Q

21 CHEMICAL DETERMINATION OF PROTEIN CSF

PROCEDURE

A

Pandy’s test - bluish white cloud

Ross-Jones test
1+ = thin white ring at zone of contact (disappears)
4+ = heavy cloud (not disappear)

Tryptophan

34
Q

22 CHEM DET OF GLUCOSE IN CSF (Qualitative)

Reagents:

A

Benedict’s qualitative rgt

Distilled water

35
Q

22 CHEM DET OF GLUCOSE IN CSF
The CSF glucose level varies
with the blood glucose levels.. It is usually about _ of BG lvl
_ min

A

60%

60min

36
Q

22 CHEM DET OF GLUCOSE IN CSF helpful in det 3

A

impaired transport of glucose from plasma to CSF,

INC USE OF Glucose in the CSF,

glucose utilization by leukocytes and m.o

37
Q

22 CHEM DET OF CSF GLUCOSE

Markedly dec CSF glu accompanied by an inc wbc count with a large percentage of neutro is indc of

A

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS

38
Q

22 CHEM DET OF CSF GLUCOSE

NRV

A

Adult 40-7mgdl or 2.2-3.9mmol/l
Child 60-80 or 3.3 to 4.4
CSF-to-plasma glucose ratio <0.5
CSF glucose lvl 60-70% BGL

39
Q

22 CHEM DET OF CSF GLUCOSE

Procedure

A

Benedicts test

Normal sugar - turbid greenish yellow
Abs of sugar (patho) - no color change
excess of prot but no sugar-deep purplish violet or pinkish-violet color

40
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF

Rgts

A

wright’s stain

methanol

41
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF Normal csf contains _ and _

ratio of _

A

lympho and mono

70:30 in adults

42
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF a higher proportion of _ is present in young children

A

monocytes

43
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF

inc WBC

A

pleocytosis

44
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF

elevated WBC

A

inflam dse
hemorrhage
neoplasms
trauma

45
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF

NRV

A

adult 0-5wbc/ul or 5x10^6wbc/L
nb - 0.30
child 0-15

46
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF
L
M
P (neut)

A

40-80—5-35
15-45—50-90
0-6—0-8

47
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF

PROCEDURE

A

total leuko count

48
Q

23 MICRO EXAM OF CSF
Princip
cells are counted by _

___are due to traumatic bleeding

A

manual couning chamber

bloody taps

AUBF - PRELIM (3 decks)

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