Phys Di - eyes

Question 1

eye ROS

Answer 1

visual acuity; eye glasses/contacts; blurring; diplopia; pain; redness; tearing; hx of glaucoma/cataracts

Question 2

central vision testing test what CN?

Answer 2

CN II 
(eye exam w/ chart)

Question 3

direct and consensual pupillary response tests what CN?

Answer 3

III

Question 4

ptosis

Answer 4

drooping/falling of eyelid

Question 5

proptosis/exophthalmos

Answer 5

abnormal protrusion of eyeball

Question 6

enophthalmos

Answer 6

posterior displacement of eyeball w/i the orbit

Question 7

anisocoria

Answer 7

pupils unequal in size

Question 8

miosis

Answer 8

pupillary contriction to <2mm

Question 9

mydriasis

Answer 9

pupillary dilation to >6mm

Question 10

extraocular eye movements (EOMs) use what CNs?

Answer 10

CN4, 6, 3.

SO4LR6

Question 11

What tests for strabismus?

Answer 11

corneal light reflex: look for symmetry

cover test: look for movement

Question 12

esotropia

Answer 12

form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward

Question 13

exotropia

Answer 13

form of strabismus in which one or both of the eyes turns outward

Question 14

fundoscopic exam permits visualization of what?

Answer 14

optic disc, arteries, veins and retina

Question 15

How do you adjust the ophthalmoscope for nearsightedness (myopia)

Answer 15

to the minus

Question 16

How do you adjust the ophthalmoscope for farsightedness (hyperopia)

Answer 16

to the plus

Question 17

papilledema

Answer 17

swelling of optic disc and anterior bulging of cup. associated w/ increased intracranial pressure

Question 18

glaucomatous cupping

Answer 18

result of incrased intraocular pressure w/i the eye. leads to increased cupping causing backward depression of the disc; nerve fibers begin to atrophy

Question 19

retinal arteries in HTN

Answer 19

increased pressure leads to thickening of arterial wall, causing focal or generalized narrowing of lumen and light reflex. retinal arteries become full and tortuous, develop increased light reflex = copper wiring and the wall of the narrowed artery becomes opaque = silver wiring. also get AV nicking

Question 20

pre-retinal hemorrhage

Answer 20

b/w retina and vitreous humor. tend to be large and have a meniscus. caused by sudden increase in intracranial pressure

Question 21

superficial retinal hemorrhage

Answer 21

flame shaped bright red streaks. occur in nerve fiber layers so blood spreads parallel to fibers. seen in HTN, papilledema and occlusion of retinal vein

Question 22

deep retinal hemorrhages

Answer 22

small rounded irregular spots. darker colored. dot/blot hem. DM common cause

Question 23

microaneurysms

Answer 23

tiny round red spots commonly seen around macula. hallmark of diabetic retinopathy

Question 24

neovascularization

Answer 24

formation of new bvs. in response to inflammatory cells d/t ischemia

Question 25

drusen

Answer 25

pink-yellowish round spots. tend to concentrate b/w optic disc and macula. consists of dead retinal pigment cells. seen in normal aging and macular degeneration

Question 26

soft exudates

Answer 26

aka cotton wool patches . caused by microinfarcts of retinal n fiber layer. seen in HTN, DM, HIV

Question 27

hard exudates

Answer 27

cream/yellowish well defined borders. lipid residues from damages capillaries. caused by DM and vascular dysplasias

Question 28

HTN retinopathy

Answer 28

- narrowing of retinal arteries - copper/silver wiring - av nicking - soft/hard exudates - flame hem. - papilledema when severe

Question 29

non proliferative (background) DM retinopathy

Answer 29

- microanuerysms - deep hem. (dot/blot) - soft/hard exudates

Question 30

proliferative DM retinopathy

Answer 30

-same as non proliferative plus neovascularization