Phys Di - eyes Flashcards

1
Q

eye ROS

A

visual acuity; eye glasses/contacts; blurring; diplopia; pain; redness; tearing; hx of glaucoma/cataracts

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2
Q

central vision testing test what CN?

A
CN II 
(eye exam w/ chart)
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3
Q

direct and consensual pupillary response tests what CN?

A

III

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4
Q

ptosis

A

drooping/falling of eyelid

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5
Q

proptosis/exophthalmos

A

abnormal protrusion of eyeball

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6
Q

enophthalmos

A

posterior displacement of eyeball w/i the orbit

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7
Q

anisocoria

A

pupils unequal in size

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8
Q

miosis

A

pupillary contriction to <2mm

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9
Q

mydriasis

A

pupillary dilation to >6mm

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10
Q

extraocular eye movements (EOMs) use what CNs?

A

CN4, 6, 3.

SO4LR6

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11
Q

What tests for strabismus?

A

corneal light reflex: look for symmetry

cover test: look for movement

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12
Q

esotropia

A

form of strabismus in which one or both eyes turns inward

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13
Q

exotropia

A

form of strabismus in which one or both of the eyes turns outward

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14
Q

fundoscopic exam permits visualization of what?

A

optic disc, arteries, veins and retina

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15
Q

How do you adjust the ophthalmoscope for nearsightedness (myopia)

A

to the minus

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16
Q

How do you adjust the ophthalmoscope for farsightedness (hyperopia)

A

to the plus

17
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of optic disc and anterior bulging of cup. associated w/ increased intracranial pressure

18
Q

glaucomatous cupping

A

result of incrased intraocular pressure w/i the eye. leads to increased cupping causing backward depression of the disc; nerve fibers begin to atrophy

19
Q

retinal arteries in HTN

A

increased pressure leads to thickening of arterial wall, causing focal or generalized narrowing of lumen and light reflex. retinal arteries become full and tortuous, develop increased light reflex = copper wiring and the wall of the narrowed artery becomes opaque = silver wiring. also get AV nicking

20
Q

pre-retinal hemorrhage

A

b/w retina and vitreous humor. tend to be large and have a meniscus. caused by sudden increase in intracranial pressure

21
Q

superficial retinal hemorrhage

A

flame shaped bright red streaks. occur in nerve fiber layers so blood spreads parallel to fibers. seen in HTN, papilledema and occlusion of retinal vein

22
Q

deep retinal hemorrhages

A

small rounded irregular spots. darker colored. dot/blot hem. DM common cause

23
Q

microaneurysms

A

tiny round red spots commonly seen around macula. hallmark of diabetic retinopathy

24
Q

neovascularization

A

formation of new bvs. in response to inflammatory cells d/t ischemia

25
Q

drusen

A

pink-yellowish round spots. tend to concentrate b/w optic disc and macula. consists of dead retinal pigment cells. seen in normal aging and macular degeneration

26
Q

soft exudates

A

aka cotton wool patches . caused by microinfarcts of retinal n fiber layer. seen in HTN, DM, HIV

27
Q

hard exudates

A

cream/yellowish well defined borders. lipid residues from damages capillaries. caused by DM and vascular dysplasias

28
Q

HTN retinopathy

A
  • narrowing of retinal arteries
  • copper/silver wiring
  • av nicking
  • soft/hard exudates
  • flame hem.
  • papilledema when severe
29
Q

non proliferative (background) DM retinopathy

A
  • microanuerysms
  • deep hem. (dot/blot)
  • soft/hard exudates
30
Q

proliferative DM retinopathy

A

-same as non proliferative plus neovascularization