Phys Ch 5 Vocab Flashcards
Long Bones
Have a greater length than width
Short Bones
Cubed shaped; spongy except for the surface
Flat Bones
Thin and composed of two or less parallel plates of compact bone enclosed in a layer of spongy bone
Irregular Bones
Complex shapes
Sesamoid Bones
small bones between the cranial bones in the skull
Sutural Bones
small bones in tendons due to the build-up of pressure
Diaphysis
the long shaft-like portion of a long bone
Metaphysis
immature bone in between diaphysis and epiphysis
Epiphysis
the extremities or the ends of the bone
Compact Bones
bone with few spaces in between
Spongy Bones
bones with many spaces, like a sponge
Epiphyseal Plate
the site where the bone growth occurs in length
Articular Cartilage
a thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis where bone forms a joint with another bone
Periosteum
a membrane around the bone not covered by articular cartilage
Medullary Cavity
bone marrow cavity
Endosteum
the lining of the medullary cavity that consists of osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoprogenitor
cells that eventually help create osseous tissue
Osteoblasts
cells that form bone
Osteoclasts
cells that reabsorb bone
Osteocytes
bone cells
Ossification
creating bones
Calcification
osteoblasts deposit salts and begin to harden
Perforating Canals
connect the bones with blood vessels
Central Canals
canals that carry blood and nutrients lengthwise in the bones
Concentric Lamellae
rings of hard calcified matrix to provide strength
Osteon
the main functional unit of compact bone; made of lamellae, lacunae, canaliculi, and osteocytes
Lacunae
small gaps in bones and the location of some cells
Canaliculi
a small canal that provides additional blood flow for nutrients
Trabeculae
thin bones that look like a framework; like a sponge
Hematopoiesis
making red blood cells
Intramembranous Ossification
formation of bone directly on the connective tissue
Endochondral Ossification
formation of bone within a cartilage model
Coronal Suture
exists between two frontal bones and two parietal bones
Lambdoid Suture
exists between the parietal bones and the occipital bones
Midsaggital Suture
exists between the two parietal bones
Squamous Suture
exists between the parietal and temporal bones
Sinuses
a cavity or space in the body
Axial
the main body trunk
Appendicular
upper and lower extremities
Foramen
an opening through which blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments pass
Meatus
tubelike passage way
Sinus
air cavities
Fossa
depression in or on a bone
Condyle
a large rounded articular prominence
Head
a rounded articular projection supported on the constricted portion
Facet
a smooth, flat surface
Tuberosity
small rounded process
Spinous Process
sharp, slender projections
Trochanter
large, blunt found only in femur
Crest
a prominent border or ridge
Vertebrae
spine; 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal. 33 total
Thorax
between the bottom of the neck and the under pecs
Sternum
hard bone, superior, in between ribs
Pectoral Girdle
attachment of the extremities in the upper body to the axial skeleton
Pelvimetry
measuring of pelvis
