PHYS 1 motility of the GI tract

Question 1

major activity along the GI tract?

involves what actions? which do what?

Rate?

Answer 1

Question 2

layers of the GI tract?

Answer 2

Question 3

enteric nervous system

plexus?

each controls what?

reflexes?

Answer 3

Question 4

circular and longitudinal smooth muscle

circular action?

longitudinal action?

types of contraction?

(ahead of wave)

Answer 4

Question 5

smooth muscle electrical signals

type of waves?

action potentials?

tension related to electrical activity?

Answer 5

Question 6

relationship between membrane potentials and contraction of smooth muscle?

spiked potentials?

Answer 6

Question 7

2 types of smooth muscle contraction?

where and when do these happen?

Answer 7

Question 8

Depolarization and action potentials

stimulated by?

inhibited by?

Answer 8

Question 9

influence of ANS

PNS

SNS

Answer 9

Question 10

pacemaker cells of GI motility?

how does this pacemaker action happen?

Answer 10

Question 11

chewing reflex causes?

most muscles during this are innervated by?

how does this work?

Answer 11

Question 12

Phases of swallowing

(voluntary vs. involuntary)?

phases?

distribution of smooth and skeletal muscle

Answer 12

Question 13

pharyngeal phase

voluntary or involuntary?

steps in this phase?

Answer 13

Question 14

esophageal phase of swallowing

controlled by?

steps?

relationship to vagotomy?

Answer 14

Question 15

involuntary swallowing reflex?

what coordinates?

steps?

Answer 15

Question 16

pressure changes along esophagus during swallowing

proximal vs distal end?

UES and LES usually what?

relaxation of stomach?

Answer 16

Question 17

GERD

occurs when? (common ex)

what happens?

complications?

Answer 17

Question 18

Achalasia?

what is it?

why does it happen?

Answer 18

Question 19

Gastric contractions

anatomical divisions?

physiological divisions?

layers of stomach?

extrinsic innervation?

intrinsic innervation?

Answer 19

Question 20

receptive relaxation

what does it allow?

what is it? (stomach)

role of hormone?

Answer 20

Question 21

mixing contractions of stomach

primary (__________)?

type?

start where? spread where?

force and velocity?

max frequency?

Answer 21

Question 22

mixing contractions of the stomach

_____pulsion?

does what?

Answer 22

propels bolus back but can also have subsequent wave that has a higher contraction point than previous (pictures on right)

Question 23

regulation of gastric contractions

what branches?

Answer 23

Question 24

rold of MMCs in GI

what are MMCs?

intervals? during?

mediated by?

inhibited when?

Answer 24

Question 25

regulation of gastric emptying gastric emptying accomplished by? takes how long? rate increased by?

Answer 25

Question 26

regulation of gastric emptying gastric emptying rate decreased by? negative feedback from duodenum called? causes?

Answer 26

Question 27

entero-gastric reflex what is it? via what mechanisms?

Answer 27

Question 28

entero-gastric reflex symptoms of gastric motility issues? causes? treatment? gastroparesis? common in? cause? symptoms?

Answer 28

Question 29

small intestine motility key for? 3 specifics? types of general contractions?

Answer 29

Question 30

segmental contractions of small intestine what type of movement?

Answer 30

Question 31

electrical activity of the small intestine always present? stimulated by? what initiates contraction? parts of SI and frequency?

Answer 31

Question 32

propulsive contractions of small intestine what type of contrations? what contracts? contractile ring? innervation?

Answer 32

Question 33

regulation of peristaltic contractions in SI boxes what is released which causes what? what cells or tissues? SNS vs PSNS? stimulators? inhibitors?

Answer 33

Question 34

Neural and hormonal inputs that regulate SI motility? Neural input? (3) hormonal control? (5)

Question 35

vomiting reflex coordinated by? impulses transmitted via? to where? events? (7)

Answer 35

Question 36

Ileocecal junction controls what? distention of ileum vs colon?

Answer 36

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

innervation of large intestine? ENS plexus? where? innervate what? PSNS nerves? innervate what part? SNS what innervates what? Somatic pudendal nerves?

Answer 38

Question 39

LI types of contractions? mass movement via? occur when over what? how often? stimulate what?

Answer 39

Question 40

motility in LI important for? poor motility? excess?

Answer 40

Question 41

Motility of rectum and anal canal rectum fills in what way? via? rectosphincteric reflex? external anal sphincter?

Answer 41

Question 42

rectosphincteric reflex and defecation whats under neural control? which branches? pathways that mediate? if damaged?

Answer 42

Question 43

Hirschsprung disease cause? result? at birth causes? other symptoms? older children symptoms? treatment?

Answer 43

Question 44

GI reflexes name of reflex? what does it cause?

Answer 44

Question 45

summary motility patterns Esophagus stomach SI LI

Answer 45

Question 46

summary of hormonal regulation go for it by yourself first Gastrin, CCK, Insulin, Motilin, Serotonin, Secretin, Glucagon

Answer 46

Question 47

Things to know forever ENS works with? to control what? know the path of food bolus and general concept of reflexes especially swallowing and defecation conditions and diseases associated with a loss of motility

Answer 47