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Zoology Lecture Unit 2 > Phylum Platyhelminthes > Flashcards

Phylum Platyhelminthes Flashcards

1
Q

“Platy-“ meaning

“-helminthes” meaning

A

flat

worm

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2
Q

Platyhelminthes common names

A

tapeworms, flukes, free-living flatworms

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3
Q

Platyhelminthes

Acoelomate

A

No space between gut and body wall

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4
Q

Platyhelminthes digestive tract type?

A

incomplete digestive tract

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5
Q

Platyhelminthes feeding mechanisms

A

predators, herbivores, fluid feeding, surface nutrient absorption

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6
Q

Fluid feeding

A

Consume liquids from “prey”

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7
Q

surface nutrient absorption

A

Nutrients diffuse into body

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8
Q

What class can do surface nutrient absorption? Where do they live?

A

Cestoda (tapeworms)

Live in intestine

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9
Q

What Platyhelminthes class has no digestive tract?

A

Cestoda; tapeworms

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10
Q

Platyhelminthes have High surface area-to-volume ratio for

A

High air supply for low volume

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11
Q

Platyhelminthes structure for excretion?

A

Protonephridium

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12
Q

cephalization

A

Concentration of sensory neurons up at the front

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13
Q

Platyhelminthes

Structure that receive sensory info and coordinate a response

A

Ganglia

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14
Q

Do Platyhelminthes need a circulatory system?

A

No

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15
Q

How are Platyhelminthes flattened?

A

Dorsoventrally

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16
Q

Are Platyhelminthes parasitic or free living?

A

Both

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17
Q

Lophotrochozoa group characteristics

A

Similar larvae
Non-molting
Triploblastic
Bilateral symmetry

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18
Q

Class Turbellaria common name

A

Free living flatworms

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19
Q

Platyhelminthes synapomorphy

A

similar larvae

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20
Q

Where can you find Class Turbellaria?

A

Freshwater, marine, terrestrial

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21
Q

Class Turbellaria locomotion structures?

A

Cilia

Longitudinal muscles

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22
Q

Where is Class Turbellaria cilia located?

A

Ventral only

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23
Q

What are Class Turbellaria longitudinal muscles for?

A

Swimming

24
Q

Class Turbellaria 3 muscle layers

A

Circular muscles

Longitudinal muscles

25
Q

Class Turbellaria circular muscles are for

A

Fragmentation

Asexual reproduction

26
Q

Class Turbellaria dorsoventral muscles are for

A

Internal movement and flattening

27
Q

Class Turbellaria feeding

A

Herbivores, predators

Detritivores (eat dead stuff)

28
Q

Class Turbellaria eyes are called?

A

ocelli or simple eyes

29
Q

Class Turbellaria ocelli characteristics

A

Photosensitive

light/dark

30
Q

Class Turbellaria “ears” are called?

A

Auricles

31
Q

Class Turbellaria Auricles sensitivity type?

A

Chemosensitive

Aware of smells in the environment

32
Q

Chemosensitive means

A

Aware of smells in the environment

33
Q

Class Turbellaria have generalized ____

A

Mechanoreceptors

34
Q

Class Turbellaria sexual reproductive parts?

A

Monoecious

35
Q

Class Turbellaria often reproduce via

A

Bidirectional sperm exchange

36
Q

Class Turbellaria sometimes reproduce via

A

Penis fencing

37
Q

Class Turbellaria asexual reproduction type?

A

Fragmentation

38
Q

Class Trematoda common name

A

Flukes

39
Q

Class Trematoda glycocalyx

A

non-living outer layer that helps with diffusion and protective against host’s immune system

40
Q

Class Trematoda are all

A

Parasitic

41
Q

Class Trematoda

Sheep Liver Fluke life cycle

A

Adult fluke is in sheep liver -> eggs in feces -(hatch) -> miracidia - (burrow/ingest)-> snail -(encyst)-> Sporocyst -(asexual reproduction)-> rediae -(asexual reproduction)-> cercariae -(exit snail)-> (aquatic plant) -> (encyst)-> metacercariae -(ingest)-> Adult in sheep liver

42
Q

Class Trematoda

Sheep Liver Fluke determinate host

A

The Sheep

43
Q

Class Trematoda

Sheep Liver Fluke indeterminate host

A

Snail, aquatic plant

44
Q

Class Cestoda common names

A

Tapeworms

45
Q

Class Cestoda are all

A

Parasitic on vertebrate animals

in small intestine

46
Q

Class Cestoda length

A

1mm-25m

47
Q

Most developed Class Cestoda system

A

Reproductive system

48
Q

Class Cestoda top “head” region is called

A

Scolex

49
Q

Class Cestoda region after scolex?

A

Strobila

50
Q

Class Cestoda strobila proglottid development sucession

A

Immature proglottid
Male proglottid
Female proglottied

51
Q

Protandrous

A

Male first then develop female parts

52
Q

Protogynous

A

Female first then develop male parts

53
Q

Class Cestoda tegument

A

Protective non-living layer

54
Q

Class Cestoda tegument protects from

A

Host’s immune system and digestive system

55
Q

Class Cestoda

Beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Adult in human small intestine -(eggs in feces)-> -(ingested by cattle)-> -(encyst in skeletal muscle)-> Rare meat ingested -> Adult in human small intestine

56
Q

Parasitism in platyhelminthes is an ___

A

apomorphy

relatively new characteristic for this phylum

Zoology Lecture Unit 2 (12 decks)

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