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Zoology > Phylum Chordata and Fishes > Flashcards

Phylum Chordata and Fishes Flashcards

1
Q

5 main characteristics of Phylum Chordata

A

notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal pouches/slits, endostyle/thyroid glands. postanal tail

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2
Q

notochord function

A

flexible rod of cartilage or bone that supports animal’s back

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3
Q

nerve cord function

A

connection between brain and nerves

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4
Q

pharyngeal pouches/slits function

A

in the throat area, generally disappear before birth

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5
Q

endostyle/thyroid gland function

A

secretes hormones

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6
Q

ectotherms

A

cold blooded: don’t produce much internal body heat, body temp changes with surroundings

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7
Q

endotherms

A

warm blooded: produce internal body heat and maintain constant body temp, can live in a greater variety of environments

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8
Q

ectotherm examples

A

fish, amphibians, reptiles

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9
Q

endotherm examples

A

mammals, birds

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10
Q

What advantages do endotherms have over ectotherms?

A

endotherms can live in more environments

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11
Q

Five main groups of vertebrates

A

fish, mammals, reptiles, birds, amphibians

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12
Q

Number of fish species

A

28,000 species

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13
Q

Percentage of fish

A

49%

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14
Q

Number of mammal species

A

5,400 species

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15
Q

Percentage of mammals

A

9%

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16
Q

Number of reptile species

A

8,100 species

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17
Q

Percentage of reptiles

A

14%

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18
Q

Number of bird species

A

9,700 species

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19
Q

Percentage of birds

A

17%

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20
Q

Number of amphibian species

A

6,000 species

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21
Q

Percentage of amphibians

A

10%

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22
Q

jawless fish classes

A

Myxini and Petromyzontida

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23
Q

Class Myxini example

A

hagfish

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24
Q

Class Petromyzontida example

A

lamprey

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25
Q

Class Myxini characteristics (5)

A

only live in salt water; skull, no true vertebral column, retain notochord; scavengers/predators; mostly blind with rudimentary eyespots and sensory tentacles; produce slime

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26
Q

Class Petromyzontida characteristics (4)

A

migrate from salt to fresh to spawn; larvae filter feed for 3-7 years; become parasites as adults; suction cup mouth, lined with sharp teeth to feed on blood of prey

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27
Q

3 classes of fish

A

Chondrichthyes, Sarcopterygii, Actinopterygii

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28
Q

Class Chondrichthyes common name

A

cartilage fish

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29
Q

Class Sarcopterygii common name

A

lobed fin fish

30
Q

Class Actinopterygii common name

A

ray finned fish

31
Q

number of species in Class Chondrichthyes

A

1,000 species

32
Q

number of species in Class Sarcopterygii

33
Q

number of species in Class Actinopterygii

A

27,000 species

34
Q

Class Sarcopterygii characteristics (3)C

A

lobed finned fish; can breathe with specialized swim bladders/”lungs”; typically found where seasonal droughts are common

35
Q

Class Actinopterygii characteristics (5)

A

ray finned fish; bony skeleton; have mobile fins and thin scales; operculum; swim bladder; external fertilization

36
Q

telotsts

A

ray finned fish

37
Q

Which is the larger group of bony fish

A

ray finned fish

38
Q

2 main groups of Chondrichthyes

A

sharks, skates and rays

39
Q

shark characteristics (5)

A

placoid scales/dermal denticles; ampullae of Lorenzini; continuously replace both; spiral wave in intestine; ventral side is lighter than dorsal side

40
Q

Skates and rays characteristics (4)

A

flattened bodies for life on the ocean floor (exception: manta rays live in open water); pectoral fins flap like wings to swim; bottom feeders, feeding on invertebrates; mouth and gills on ventral side, spinacles on top

41
Q

Oviparous reproduction

A

spawning, external fertilization

42
Q

spawning

A

eggs laid, fertilized by sperm

43
Q

Ovoviviparous reproduction

A

eggs nourished in female body, by yolk sac, hatch inside female body, live birth; internal fertilization

44
Q

Viviparous reproduction

A

young nourished directly by female’s body (placenta), live birth; internal fertilization

45
Q

Which reproduction do 97% of all fish use?

46
Q

Which reproduction do smaller sharks use?

A

ovoviviparous

47
Q

Which reproduction do larger sharks use

A

viviparous

48
Q

What is the lateral line?

A

runs the length of both sides of the fish, fluid filled canal

49
Q

Lateral line function

A

detects pressure changes and vibrations

50
Q

What is the operculum?

A

hard, bony plate that covers the gills

51
Q

operculum function

A

gill protection and moving water across the gills

52
Q

List the fins of fish

A

dorsal, caudal, anal, pectoral, pelvic

53
Q

dorsal fin function

A

aids in balance

54
Q

caudal fin function

A

propels fish

55
Q

anal fin function

A

aids in balance

56
Q

pectoral fin function

A

aids in steering

57
Q

pelvic fin function

A

aids in up and down movement

58
Q

List of the parts of the fish brain

A

olfactory tract, olfactory bulbs, cerebrum, optic lobes, cerebellum, medulla oblongata

59
Q

olfactory bulbs function

A

processes the sense of smell

60
Q

cerebrum function

A

processes sensory info and the instinct of exploring a new environment

61
Q

optic lobes function

A

processes the sense of sight

62
Q

cerebellum function

A

coordinates muscle activity

63
Q

medulla oblongata function

A

control internal organ functions

64
Q

what is the swim bladder

A

air filled sacs

65
Q

swim bladder function

A

regulates buoyancy

66
Q

Fish circulation process

A

sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus, blood to gills, blood becomes O2 rich at gills, blood delivers O2 to body, back to sinus venosus

67
Q

Open or closed circulation? Why?

A

closed, blood is always contained within vessels

68
Q

What does single loop circulation mean?

A

the blood passes through a single circuit

69
Q

what are myomeres?

A

powerful muscles

70
Q

myomeres function

A

propel caudal fin for swimming

Zoology (6 decks)

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