Aves

Question 1

classification of birds

Answer 1

Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Subphylum: Vertebrata, Class: Aves

Question 2

How many of species of birds

Answer 2

9700 species

Question 3

Total orders of birds

Answer 3

30 orders

Question 4

Which is the largest order

Answer 4

Perching birds (Passeriformes)

Question 5

How many of all the bird species does class Passeriformes have

Answer 5

over 1/2

Question 6

8 characteristics of modern birds

Answer 6

endothermic, feathers, 4 chambered heart, amniotic egg, wings, hollow bones, scales on legs/feet, beak adapted to specific functions

Question 7

4 adaptions for flight

Answer 7

bones of forelimbs form wings, large chest muscles anchored to keeled breastbone to power flight, mostly hollow bones, feathers

Question 8

vulture wing characteristics

Answer 8

large wingspan (over 8 feet), almost v shaped wing shape, very efficient at using wings to catch prey

Question 9

perching bird wing characteristics

Answer 9

small wingspan (less than a foot), pointed wings, efficient for flying long distances

Question 10

what is plumage

Answer 10

a birds feathers

Question 11

purposes of plumage

Answer 11

camo, makes the male stand out for mating

Question 12

purposes of preening

Answer 12

straightening, cleaning, waterproofs feathers

Question 13

molting

Answer 13

feathers falling our and being replaces

Question 14

types of feathers

Answer 14

contour, semiplumes, bristles, down/downy

Question 15

contour feathers

Answer 15

give smooth, streamlined shape, the colors of the bird

Question 16

semiplume feathers

Answer 16

slightly fluffy, insulating

Question 17

bristle feathers

Answer 17

filter dust, protect eyes

Question 18

down/downy feathers

Answer 18

used to insulated by trapping Boyd heart under feathers

Question 19

why do birds have such a high metabolism

Answer 19

flying takes a lot of energy

Question 20

how do we know birds have keen eyesight

Answer 20

their eyes are the largest structure in its head, often eat small prey

Question 21

birds heart structure

Answer 21

4 chambers: 2 atria, 2 ventrical

Question 22

purpose of air sacs in birds

Answer 22

ensures a nearly constant supply of O2

Question 23

bird fertilization

Answer 23

internal

Question 24

through what structure is a bird egg laid

Answer 24

cloaca

Question 25

clutch

Answer 25

set of eggs laid

Question 26

incubation

Answer 26

kept warm

Question 27

what is an egg tooth used for

Answer 27

to break out of the shell, falls out after hatching

Question 28

2 types of hatchlings

Answer 28

precocial and altricial

Question 29

precocial

Answer 29

well formed hatchlings, able to walk/feed themselves; example: ducks, geese

Question 30

altricial

Answer 30

totally dependent on parents, blind, helpless, must be fed; examples: woodpeckers, pigeons, song birds

Question 31

where are the cervical vertebrae located? how are they different?

Answer 31

top of vertebrae, under the skull; they aren’t fused

Question 32

why are the other vertebrae fused?

Answer 32

no muscle energy is spent keeping the vertebral column straight, helps maintain balance when not in flight

Question 33

keeled breastbone

Answer 33

extension of breastbone. extends outwards, perpendicular to the ribs

Question 34

what does the keeled breastbone provide?

Answer 34

more surface area for pectoral muscles to attach

Question 35

syrinx function

Answer 35

organ at base of trachea that produces sounds

Question 36

3 reasons for birds to sing/call?

Answer 36

mark territory, attract mates, warn of danger

Question 37

digestive pathway

Answer 37

beak/buccal cavity > tongue> esophagus> crop> proventriculus> gizzard> small intestine> rectum> cloaca

Question 38

beak/buccal cavity

Answer 38

mouth

Question 39

tongue

Answer 39

taste buds

Question 40

esophagus

Answer 40

tube that carries food to stomach

Question 41

proventriculus

Answer 41

1st pt of stomach; release digestive enzymes(chem digestion)

Question 42

gizzard

Answer 42

2nd pt of stomach; grinds food with tiny stones(mech digestion)

Question 43

small intestine

Answer 43

further digestion; duodenum and ileum digestive enzymes from pancreas and bile from liver

Question 44

rectum

Answer 44

waste created; no urinary bladder, no urinal waste

Question 45

cloaca

Answer 45

opening where waste exits

Question 46

liver

Answer 46

produces bile(breaking down fat)

Question 47

pancreas

Answer 47

secretes digestive enzymes