Class Reptillia

Question 1

adaptations reptiles have for life on land (6)

Answer 1

amniotic egg; dry, thick skin made of scales; lungs for their entire lives, aspiration; excrete urea/uric acid instead of ammonia; 3-4 chambered heart, closed double loop circulation; larger cerebrum and cerebellum; internal fertilization

Question 2

why is the amniotic egg such an important adaptation for reptiles?

Answer 2

enables reptiles to live successfully on land, freed them from dependence on water for reproduction

Question 3

shell

Answer 3

provides water tight covering to prevent embryo from drying out; porus to O2+ CO2

Question 4

albumen

Answer 4

watery environment to cushion embryo; source of protein

Question 5

air space

Answer 5

cushions and is a shock absorber

Question 6

yolk

Answer 6

food supply for developing embryo

Question 7

yolk sac

Answer 7

membrane enclosing yolk

Question 8

chorion

Answer 8

O2/CO2 exchange; maintains stale internal conditions

Question 9

allantois

Answer 9

stores wastes and some exchange of Os/CO2

Question 10

amnion/amniotic fluid

Answer 10

encloses embryo; watery layer for cushion and protection

Question 11

embryo

Answer 11

developing reptile

Question 12

oviparous meaning

Answer 12

embryos develop after eggs are laid

Question 13

exceptions of oviparous reptiles

Answer 13

watersnakes, rattle snakes, garter snakes

Question 14

what type of reproduction process do the exceptions of oviparous reptiles use

Answer 14

ovoviviparous

Question 15

reptile vs amphibian respiration

Answer 15

reptiles: lungs entire life amphibians; gills to lungs, skin, lining of mouth

Question 16

reptile vs amphibian eggs

Answer 16

reptiles: shell, lay on land; amphibians: no shell, lay in water

Question 17

reptiles vs amphibian limbs

Answer 17

reptiles: toes with claws on all 4 limbs, positioned under body
amphibians: front 2 with toes, back 2 webbed, positioned out to the side

Question 18

reptile vs amphibian heart

Answer 18

reptiles: 3-4 chambers, 2 atria, partially divided ventricle
amphibians: 3 chambers, 2 atria, 1 ventricle

Question 19

reptiles vs amphibian fertilization

Answer 19

reptiles: internal amphibians: external

Question 20

how many species of reptiles?

Answer 20

8100 species of reptiles

Question 21

4 orders of reptiles

Answer 21

Sphenodontia, Testudines, Squamata, Crocodylia

Question 22

Order Sphenodontia

Answer 22

tuataras, 2 species

Question 23

Order Testudines

Answer 23

turtles and tortoises, 300 species

Question 24

Order Squamata

Answer 24

Serpentes and Sauria

Question 25

Suborder Serpentes

Answer 25

snakes, 3000 species

Question 26

Suborder Sauria

Answer 26

lizards, 4675 species

Question 27

Order Crocodylia

Answer 27

crocodiles, alligators, caimans

Question 28

characteristics of tuatara (4)

Answer 28

in New Zealand; oldest living reptile, nearly extinct; feeds on instincts; has parietal eye

Question 29

turtles vs tortoises

Answer 29

turtles: live in/near H2O, flat streamlined shell, paddle like legs, omnivores
tortoises: live on dry land, high domed shell, short stumpy legs, herbivores

Question 30

plastron

Answer 30

ventral shell, helps form girdles

Question 31

carapace

Answer 31

dorsal shell, made of bone

Question 32

scutes

Answer 32

plates covering testudine shells

Question 33

steps of reptile circulation (6)

Answer 33

1. O2 poor blood from body enters right atrium
2. O2 poor blood flows down into right half of ventricle
3. ventricle contracts and pushes O2 poor blood to lungs to get O2
4. O2 rich blood from lungs enters left atrium
5. O2 rich blood flows down into left half of ventricle
6. ventricle contracts and pushes O2 rich blood out to body

Question 34

is the crocodile heart more or less efficient from other reptiles?

Answer 34

more efficient

Question 35

why is the crocodile heart more efficient?

Answer 35

it has 4 chambers instead of 3 1/2, 2 atria, 2 ventricles

Question 36

2 functions of a crocodile’s tail

Answer 36

swim quickly, weapon on land

Question 37

alligator vs crocodile snout

Answer 37

alligator: round, broad
crocodile: narrow, tapered

Question 38

are their more venomous or non venomous snakes

Answer 38

non venomous

Question 39

kinetic skull

Answer 39

flexible joints in skull, moves glottis between separation of mandible while swallowing large prey

Question 40

what does the kinetic skull allows for

Answer 40

expansive movement for squamata to eat large prey

Question 41

glottis

Answer 41

opening of windpipes

Question 42

how do nonvenomous snakes capture/eat their prey

Answer 42

some hold their prey against the ground and swallow alive whole; constrictors squeeze and suffocate prey

Question 43

non venomous snakes examples

Answer 43

black racer, indigo snake

Question 44

non venomous constrictor snakes examples

Answer 44

boa constrictor, python, anaconda, king snake, rat snake

Question 45

how do venomous snakes kill their prey

Answer 45

injecting with venom through fangs

Question 46

2 snake venom toxins

Answer 46

hemotoxin and neurotoxin

Question 47

what does hemotoxins effect

Answer 47

blood

Question 48

what does neurotoxins effect

Answer 48

interferes with nervous system functions

Question 49

what does the pit organ of pit vipers do

Answer 49

detects heat of warm blooded prey

Question 50

how does the Jacobson’s organ work

Answer 50

snakes flick their tongues to pick up chemicals of the air before drawing their tongue back into the mouth and across Jacobson’s organ to detect specific scents

Question 51

what can lizards do that snakes can’t? (3)

Answer 51

moveable eyelids, internal ear openings, some have detachable tails

Question 52

autotomy

Answer 52

the ability to detach and grow back tails, allows lizards to escape from prey