Phylum Chordata Flashcards
Notochord
Dorsal
Flexible support rod
What is replaced by vertebrae?
Notochord
Dorsal tubular nerve cord(neutral tube)
Enlarged at anterior end to form brain
Pharyngeal pouches/slits
Usually present only during early embryonic development
Pharyngeal pouches in aquatic species?
Gills
Pharyngeal pouches in terrestrial species?
Lungs
Endostyle
Secretes mucus that traps food particles
In some chordates what can develop into a thyroid gland?
Endostyle
Postanal tail
Muscular, balance and locomotion
Vestigial
Vestigial
Once served purpose but no longer does so greatly reduced or absent
Subphylum urochordata ex
Tunicates
Sea squirts
Subphylum cephalochordata ex
Lancelets
Amphioxus
Subphylum vertebrata ex
Agnathanus, fish, sharks, tetrapods
What does urochordata look like?
Jellyfish kind of/ coral
What does cephalochordata look like?
Worm
Urochordata facts
Shows chordate hallmarks only during early stages of development
Marine
Adults are sessile and show no hallmarks
Cephalochordata facts
Marine
Sandy, coastal waters
Translucent
Laterally compressed
Shows all chordate hallmarks in adult form
Vertebrata has what four adaptations for success?
Living endoskeleton
Muscular pharynx and efficient respiration
Advanced nervous system
Paired limbs
Living endoskeleton
Grows with animal so does not limit size
Notochord replaced by vertebrae
Better support and protection
Muscular pharynx and efficient respiration
Allows increased circulation
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey
What was the pharynx modified into?
Muscular tube for feeding and pumping water
An increased in circulation means
Higher metabolism
Advanced nervous system
Highly specialized sense organs
Complex brain
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey
Paired limbs
Paired pectoral and pelvic appendages
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey
Three fun facts about fish
Aquatic
Gil breathing
Ectothermic
Superclass Agnatha
Jawless fish
No paired jaws
No scales
No paired fins
Tube shaped body
Cartilage endoskeleton
Open gill apertures
Do Agnatha have vertebrae?
No, they have a notochord instead
What is are some examples of Agnatha?
Hagfish
Lamprey
Hagfish
Marine only
Por eye sight
Scavengers
Monoecious
What does poor eye sight mean?
Keen touch and smell
Lamprey(eel)
Marine and freshwater
Sucker like mouth
Circular rows of teeth
Dioecious
Parasitic and free living
How long can a lamprey remain in larval form?
3-20 years
Stage one of lamprey
Eggs
Stage two of lamprey
Leptocephali
Stage three of lamprey
Glass eels
Stage four of lamprey
Elvers
Stage five of lamprey
Yellow eels
Stage six of lamprey
Silver eels
What stage do lamprey reproduce
Last stage at silver eels
When and where do lamprey die
In ocean after reproducing as silver eels
Catadromous
Spawn in the ocean
Freshwater eels are declining because
Water pollution
Parasites
Climate change
Class chondrichthyes
Cartilage fish and endoskeleton
What characteristics do cartilage fish have?
Well developed senses of smell and taste
Paired jaws and fins
Open gill slits
Lateral line system
Lateral line system
Fluid filled receptors sensitive to vibrations sense changes in water currents
Subclass elasmobranchii
Sharks and rays
What kind of mouth do sharks and rays have?
Ventral mouth
Placoid scales
Dentarles in sharks and rays
Spiracles in sharks and rays
Behind their eyes
Pore respiration
Ampullae organs of Lorenzini in sharks and rays
Found around the eyes and nostrils
Sense electrical fields
Used to find prey
Heterocercal tail
Vertebral column extends into dorsal caudal fin
What is the dorsal causal fin larger than?
The ventral cuadral fin
Size of skate
12-8 inches
Size of manta ray
18-29 inches
Appearance of skate
Flat
Flat pectoral fins
No venomous spines on tail
Spiracle next to eye
Appearance of manta ray
Large
Flat diamond
Triangular pectoral fins
2 cephalic fins
Skate habitat
Bottom dwelling
Warm temp to tropical
Manta ray habitat
Worldwide in tropical
Subtropical temperate
Skate eats what
Mainly carnivorous
Crabs and worms
Manta ray eats what?
Filter feeders
Zooplankton, shrimp, krill
Skate reproduction
Oviparous
Lay eggs
Egg case = pewter mermaids purse
Manta ray reproduction
Viviparous
Live birth
