Phylum Chordata

Question 1

Notochord

Answer 1

Dorsal
Flexible support rod

Question 2

What is replaced by vertebrae?

Answer 2

Notochord

Question 3

Dorsal tubular nerve cord(neutral tube)

Answer 3

Enlarged at anterior end to form brain

Question 4

Pharyngeal pouches/slits

Answer 4

Usually present only during early embryonic development

Question 5

Pharyngeal pouches in aquatic species?

Answer 5

Gills

Question 6

Pharyngeal pouches in terrestrial species?

Answer 6

Lungs

Question 7

Endostyle

Answer 7

Secretes mucus that traps food particles

Question 8

In some chordates what can develop into a thyroid gland?

Answer 8

Endostyle

Question 9

Postanal tail

Answer 9

Muscular, balance and locomotion
Vestigial

Question 10

Vestigial

Answer 10

Once served purpose but no longer does so greatly reduced or absent

Question 11

Subphylum urochordata ex

Answer 11

Tunicates
Sea squirts

Question 12

Subphylum cephalochordata ex

Answer 12

Lancelets
Amphioxus

Question 13

Subphylum vertebrata ex

Answer 13

Agnathanus, fish, sharks, tetrapods

Question 14

What does urochordata look like?

Answer 14

Jellyfish kind of/ coral

Question 15

What does cephalochordata look like?

Answer 15

Worm

Question 16

Urochordata facts

Answer 16

Shows chordate hallmarks only during early stages of development
Marine
Adults are sessile and show no hallmarks

Question 17

Cephalochordata facts

Answer 17

Marine
Sandy, coastal waters
Translucent
Laterally compressed
Shows all chordate hallmarks in adult form

Question 18

Vertebrata has what four adaptations for success?

Answer 18

Living endoskeleton
Muscular pharynx and efficient respiration
Advanced nervous system
Paired limbs

Question 19

Living endoskeleton

Answer 19

Grows with animal so does not limit size

Question 20

Notochord replaced by vertebrae

Answer 20

Better support and protection

Question 21

Muscular pharynx and efficient respiration

Answer 21

Allows increased circulation
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey

Question 22

What was the pharynx modified into?

Answer 22

Muscular tube for feeding and pumping water

Question 23

An increased in circulation means

Answer 23

Higher metabolism

Question 24

Advanced nervous system

Answer 24

Highly specialized sense organs
Complex brain
Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey

Question 25

Paired limbs

Answer 25

Paired pectoral and pelvic appendages Good for chasing prey and not becoming prey

Question 26

Three fun facts about fish

Answer 26

Aquatic Gil breathing Ectothermic

Question 27

Superclass Agnatha

Answer 27

Jawless fish No paired jaws No scales No paired fins Tube shaped body Cartilage endoskeleton Open gill apertures

Question 28

Do Agnatha have vertebrae?

Answer 28

No, they have a notochord instead

Question 29

What is are some examples of Agnatha?

Answer 29

Hagfish Lamprey

Question 30

Hagfish

Answer 30

Marine only Por eye sight Scavengers Monoecious

Question 31

What does poor eye sight mean?

Answer 31

Keen touch and smell

Question 32

Lamprey(eel)

Answer 32

Marine and freshwater Sucker like mouth Circular rows of teeth Dioecious Parasitic and free living

Question 33

How long can a lamprey remain in larval form?

Answer 33

3-20 years

Question 34

Stage one of lamprey

Answer 34

Eggs

Question 35

Stage two of lamprey

Answer 35

Leptocephali

Question 36

Stage three of lamprey

Answer 36

Glass eels

Question 37

Stage four of lamprey

Answer 37

Elvers

Question 38

Stage five of lamprey

Answer 38

Yellow eels

Question 39

Stage six of lamprey

Answer 39

Silver eels

Question 40

What stage do lamprey reproduce

Answer 40

Last stage at silver eels

Question 41

When and where do lamprey die

Answer 41

In ocean after reproducing as silver eels

Question 42

Catadromous

Answer 42

Spawn in the ocean

Question 43

Freshwater eels are declining because

Answer 43

Water pollution Parasites Climate change

Question 44

Class chondrichthyes

Answer 44

Cartilage fish and endoskeleton

Question 45

What characteristics do cartilage fish have?

Answer 45

Well developed senses of smell and taste Paired jaws and fins Open gill slits Lateral line system

Question 46

Lateral line system

Answer 46

Fluid filled receptors sensitive to vibrations sense changes in water currents

Question 47

Subclass elasmobranchii

Answer 47

Sharks and rays

Question 48

What kind of mouth do sharks and rays have?

Answer 48

Ventral mouth

Question 49

Placoid scales

Answer 49

Dentarles in sharks and rays

Question 50

Spiracles in sharks and rays

Answer 50

Behind their eyes Pore respiration

Question 51

Ampullae organs of Lorenzini in sharks and rays

Answer 51

Found around the eyes and nostrils Sense electrical fields Used to find prey

Question 52

Heterocercal tail

Answer 52

Vertebral column extends into dorsal caudal fin

Question 53

What is the dorsal causal fin larger than?

Answer 53

The ventral cuadral fin

Question 54

Size of skate

Answer 54

12-8 inches

Question 55

Size of manta ray

Answer 55

18-29 inches

Question 56

Appearance of skate

Answer 56

Flat Flat pectoral fins No venomous spines on tail Spiracle next to eye

Question 57

Appearance of manta ray

Answer 57

Large Flat diamond Triangular pectoral fins 2 cephalic fins

Question 58

Skate habitat

Answer 58

Bottom dwelling Warm temp to tropical

Question 59

Manta ray habitat

Answer 59

Worldwide in tropical Subtropical temperate

Question 60

Skate eats what

Answer 60

Mainly carnivorous Crabs and worms

Question 61

Manta ray eats what?

Answer 61

Filter feeders Zooplankton, shrimp, krill

Question 62

Skate reproduction

Answer 62

Oviparous Lay eggs Egg case = pewter mermaids purse

Question 63

Manta ray reproduction

Answer 63

Viviparous Live birth