Arthropod Flashcards
Arthropod characteristics(6)
Segmented
Invertebrate
Bilateral symmetry
Jointed appendages
Coelomate
Exoskeleton
Coelomate
Body cavity with complete lining
Chitin
Exoskeleton
Antennae
Detect:
movement
Sound
Chemicals
Pheromones
Communication chemicals
What senses do arthropods exhibit eyes?
May have two compound eyes and 3-8 simple eyes
Simple eye
One lens detects light
Compound eye
Many lenses detects movements and color
What is the arthropod body system?
Well developed nervous system
What circulatory system do arthropods have?
Open circulatory
How many hearts do arthropods have?
One or more hearts
Do arthropods have a complete digestive system?
Yes
Mouth, stomach, intestine, anus
Where are jointed appendages used for locomotion?
On the thorax
The earthworm has what kind of circulatory system?
A closed
Malpighian tubules
Remove waste
Where is the good muscular system attached to?
Inside of the exoskeleton
Arthropods mostly reproduce by??
Sexual reproduction
Internal fertilization
Land
External fertilization
Water
Parthenogenesis
Adults forms from an unfertilized egg(asexual reproduction)
Examples of social insects
Honeybees and ants
Unfertilized eggs
Haploid
In social insects, haploids developed into?
Male drones
In social insects, diploids develope into??
Workers and queens aka females
Fertilized eggs
Diploid
An increase of reproduction rates results from?
Parthenogenesis in arthropods
Exoskeletons in arthropods are?
Heavy and cannot grow
Molt
Shed their exoskeleton
Why do arthropods molt?
In order to grow
How often do arthropods molt?
4-7 times
Arthropods are very vulnerable when?
When they are molting
Tagmata
Body section
Arthropods have what three body sections?
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
Arthropods with two tagmata are…
Abdomen and cephalothorax
Cephalothorax
Fused head and throat
How many types of respiratory structures do arthropods have?
3 types
What are the three types of respiratory systems?
Gills
Tracheal tubes
Spiracles
Gills
Found in aquatic species
Tracheal tubes
Found in insects
Hallow air passageways
Spiracles
Openings that allows air to enter or leave
Book lungs
Air-filled chambers with leaflike plates
Some diffuse air directly through the body
What type of gas exchange is found in spiders?
Book lungs
Reproduction of arthropods are usually?
Dioecious(separate sexes)
Oviparous
Females lay eggs, no embryonic development in mother
Ovoviviparous
Embryos developed within egg in female
Metamorphosis
Change in structure/form during development
Complete
Egg, larva, pupa, adult
Incomplete
Egg, nymph, adult
Metamorphosis decreases competition for?
Food and space
Chelicerata
Arachnids
Crustacea
Crustaceans
Hexapoda
Insects and springtails
Myriapoda
Millipedes and centipedes
Trilobitomorpha
Trilobites[ went extinct more than 250 million years ago]
Class crustaceans
Mostly aquatic and have gills
Head of crustaceans
2 pair antennae
On the head of crustaceans how many pairs of mandible?
1 pair
Mandible
Chewing mouthparts that open sideways
In crustaceans how many pairs of maxillae on head?
2 pairs
What kind of eyes do crustaceans have?
All have 2 compound eyes usually on movable stalks
Some Crustaceans have how many pairs of walking legs?
5 pairs
What is the only land crustacean?
Pill bugs
Somite
A subsection on the thorax and abdomen
Crustaceans have how many pairs of appendages per somite?
One pair
Biramous
2 branches
In crustaceans all appendages except what are biramous?
All but the first antennae
Carapace
Dorsal section of the exoskeleton
Crustaceans are what kind of feeder?
Suspension
Predator
Scavenger
Examples of crustaceans
Crabs
Lobster
Shrimp
Crayfish
Barnacles
Water fleas(daphnia)
Pill bugs
Arachnid examples
Spiders
Scorpions
Mites-largest group
Ticks
What are the three dangerous spider species in North America
Brown recluse
Black widow
Hubo
Brazilian wandering spider
Most venomous spider
Death from muscle shock
Indian red scorpion
Most venomous pulmonary edema
Death
Where are the deadly spiders and scorpions found typically?
Every habitat
Greatest size and diversity in tropical regions and arid regions
Arachnids have how many jointed appendages?
6 pairs jointed appendages
Arachnids have how many pairs of walking legs?
4 pairs of walking legs
Arachnids have how many mouth pairs
Arachnids have how many tagmata?
2
Anterior arachnids
Cephalothorax
Arachnids cephalothorax
Sense organs, mouthparts
No antennae, 6 pairs of legs
Arachnids second pair= grab prey, assist in reproduction, large in male
Pedipalps
Arachnids 3rd to 6th
Walking legs
Posterior
Abdomen
Abdomen
Genital opening
Book lungs
Book lungs
Respiration
Arachnids are solitary except
When mating
Arachnids can display
Complex behavior patterns
Spiders= oviparous
Females may guard eggs/young (hatch- born live)
Scorpions =ovoviviparous or viviparous
Live birth of young=no eggs laid
Do arachnids have an alimentary canal?
Yes
Ticks and mites tagmata?
Single fused body section
Scorpions
Many abdominal sections
Large pincers
Venomous stinger on tail
Do all spiders spin silk?
Yes
Do all spiders make webs?
No, some do not make webs
Spinnerets
Spin silk
What is spider silk made of?
Protein
Extremely strong
How strong is spider silk?
5stronger than steel
2strong as Kelvar(@ same weight)
How stretchy is spider silk?
Stretches 30% longer than original length
Very resilient
What animal is specifically genetically altered to produce spider silk in their milk?
Goat
Silk the diameter of a pencil can lift what?
A 747
What happens when spider web dries out after a few days?
No longer stickey
Spider eats and recycles the old web