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Flatworms Flashcards

1
Q

Flatworm phylum is

A

Platyhelminthes

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2
Q

What body does a flatworm have??

A

A flat body

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3
Q

Triploblastic

A

3 layers of tissue

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4
Q

Ectoderm

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

Mesoderm

A

Parenchyma

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6
Q

Endoderm

A

Gastrodermis

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7
Q

What kind of symmetry does a flatworm have?

A

Bilateral symmetry

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8
Q

Digestive

A

Incomplete, one body opening mouth, pharynx, intestine

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9
Q

Excretory

A

Flame cells- rid of waste and water

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10
Q

What does the flame cells do?

A

Get rid of waste and excess water

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11
Q

Nervous system

A

Exhibit cephalization

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12
Q

Cephalization

A

Important organs grow near one’s head aka eyes

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13
Q

Ladder type nervous system

A

Two lateral nerves connected by a series of transverse nerves

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14
Q

Ocelli

A

Eyespots, detect light

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15
Q

Statocysts

A

Detect position, balance

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16
Q

Rheoreceptors

A

Detect water current

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17
Q

How are flatworms sexually reproductive?

A

Monoecious (female and male gamete’s)

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18
Q

How do flatworms reproduce asexually?

A

Fission, regeneration

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19
Q

What is one example of class turbellaria?

A

Planaria

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20
Q

What is the only free living flatworms?

A

Planaria

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21
Q

Auricles are where?

A

On either side of the head
Near Statocysts, rheoreceptors, chemoreceptors

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22
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Detect chemicals such as food

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23
Q

Rhabdites

A

Cells that secrete mucus for locomotion

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24
Q

What do flatworms eat?

A

They are mainly carnivorous

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25
Q

How can Planaria reproduce?

A

Monoecious, fission, regeneration

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26
Q

Class trematoda

A

Fluke

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27
Q

What are trematodes?

A

Parasites

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28
Q

Penetration glands

A

Some way to get into the body

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29
Q

Organs of adhesion

A

Suckers, hooks, a way to hang on

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30
Q

Cyst

A

Producing glands

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31
Q

Producing glands

A

For protection either inside the host body or until it can invade a host

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32
Q

Flukes and trematodes

A

Greatly increased reproductive capabilities ( a few actually survive)

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33
Q

Intermediate host

A

Usually invertebrate animal, infected by larval form of parasite

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34
Q

Definitive/ final host

A

Usually vertebrae animal, where parasite matures and reproduces

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35
Q

What are two examples of class trematoda?

A

Liver fluke and blood fluke

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36
Q

Liver fluke means of infection

A

Eating raw fish/ infected sushi

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37
Q

Liver fluke intermediate host

A

Snail-(cervariae)[tadpole shaped larval]
Fish

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38
Q

Liver fluke definitive host

A

Human, cat, dog, bird

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39
Q

Liver fluke symptoms

A

Abdominal discomfort
Fever
Nausea
Vomiting

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40
Q

Liver fluke how to avoid

A

Cook fish thoroughly

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41
Q

Blood fluke means of infection

A

Swimming where ducks gather

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42
Q

Blood fluke intermediate host

A

Snail
Cercariae

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43
Q

Blood fluke definitive host

A

Human or duck

44
Q

Blood fluke symptoms

A

Itchy
Red skin
Dermatitis

45
Q

Blood fluke how to avoid

A

Do not feed the ducks

46
Q

What class is Planaria?

A

Turbellaria

47
Q

What class is gross parasites liver and blood fluke?

48
Q

What class is gross and parasite tapeworms?

49
Q

Are cestodos/ tapeworms parasites?

A

Yes and they have a long body

50
Q

Proglottids

A

Body segments, each monoecious

51
Q

Scolex

A

Organ of attachment, head, has suckers and hooks

52
Q

What type of digestive track does a tapeworm have?

A

It has no digestive system of its own because it is a parasite

53
Q

Step one of beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Shelled larvae shed feces

54
Q

Step two of beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Cow eats grass contaminated with eggs

55
Q

Step three of beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Worms form cysts in cow’s muscle

56
Q

Step four of beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Human eats raw/ undercooked beef

57
Q

Step five of beef tapeworm life cycle

A

Worm becomes active, matures, and attaches in intestine where it feeds off hosts digested food

58
Q

Phylum nematodes

A

Roundworms

59
Q

What body shape and symmetry do roundworms have?

A

Round/cylindrical bodies
Bilateral symmetry

60
Q

Roundworm digestive system

A

Alimentary canal

61
Q

Alimentary canal

A

Two body openings
Mouth at the anterior end
Food passes through a series of organs
Waste releases from anus at the posterior end

62
Q

Roundworms are covered with what?

63
Q

Cuticle

A

No living covering made of tough collagen protein

64
Q

What type of skeleton does a roundworm have?

A

Hydrostatic skeleton

65
Q

What is the nerves in roundworms?

A

Ganglia and two nerve cords
Dorsal and ventral

66
Q

How do roundworms reproduce?

A

They are dioecious ( separate sexes)

67
Q

Roundworms are?

A

Free living
And some are parasitic

68
Q

Ascaris infection of roundworms

A

1-juveniles are ingested dirty hands or unwashed vegetation
2- hatch in intestine travel through blood to lungs
3- break out into alveoli(air sacs) of lungs
4-move up through trachea to pharynx, swallowed
5- travel to intestine, mature feed and reproduce there too

69
Q

What are the hosts of ascaris?

A

Vertebrares
Pigs
Dogs
Humans

70
Q

What are the symptoms of ascaris?

A

Pneumonia and intentional blockage

71
Q

How does one avoid ascaris?

A

Wash hands and vegetation

72
Q

How do you get hookworm?

A

1- shelled embryos in fecal infested soil
2- young hatch and feed on bacteria in soil
3- burrow into skin of bare feet usually through small cut
4- travel through blood to lungs up trachea and swallow
5- mature feed reproduce in intestine

73
Q

What hosts hookworm?

74
Q

What are the symptoms of hookworm

A

Anemia
Can cause mental and physical retardation in young children

75
Q

How does one prevent hookworm?

A

Wear shoes

76
Q

How do you get trichina?

A

1- eat meat containing the live juveniles
2- mature and reproduce in intestinal wall, young travel through blood
3- young found throughout body- burrow in skeletal muscles

77
Q

Hosts of trichina?

A

Pigs=intermediate
Humans= definitive

78
Q

What are the symptoms of trichina?

A

Trichinosis
Vomiting
Diharreah

79
Q

How to prevent trichina?

A

Cool pork well

80
Q

How to get pinworm?

A

1- eggs are swallowed so small they are in the air
2- adults live in large intestine
3- females migrate to anus at night - lays eggs causes itchy anus
4- scratch itch- eggs in hands- sheets are infected

81
Q

Host of pinworm?

82
Q

Symptoms of pinworm

A

Itchy anus

83
Q

Prevention of pinworms

A

Do not scratch and wash sheets

84
Q

How to get filarías worms?

A

1- juveniles are vectors transmitted by flies or mosquitoes
2- obstruct the lymphatic system, causes backup or pooling of lymph fluid which results in swelling and dead tissues

85
Q

Hosts of filarial worms

A

Humans
Dogs

86
Q

Symptoms of filarial worms

A

Elephantiasis for humans
Heart worm for dogs

87
Q

How to prevent filarial worms

A

Avoid contact if possible and take medication

88
Q

Phylum annelida

A

Segmented worms

89
Q

Segmented worms are- three basic characteristics?

A

Segmented
Bilateral symmetry
Triploblastic

90
Q

Coelomates

A

Coelomes divided by partitions by septa

91
Q

What type of digestive system do segmented worms have?

A

Complex organ systems
Digestive
Circulatory (closed)

92
Q

Setae

A

Aid in locomotion

93
Q

Hemoglobin

94
Q

Nephridia

A

Excretory organs

95
Q

In segmented worms where does gas exchange through?

A

The epidermis

96
Q

Segmented worms are all?

A

Hermaphroditic

97
Q

Segmented worms sexually produce by?

A

Cross fertilization

98
Q

How do segmented worms reproduce asexually?

A

Regeneration

99
Q

There are over how many kinds of segmented worms?

100
Q

Class oligochaeta

A

Earthworms

101
Q

Earthworms

A

Extract nutrients from soil
Beneficial to farming, enrich and aerate soil

102
Q

Class polychaeta

A

Claw worm/ lugworm

103
Q

Clawworm/ lugworm

A

Similar to earthworm(oligochaeta)
Mostly marine
Parapodia
Aid in gas exchange and locomotion

104
Q

Parapodia

A

Paddle ridge, like extensions on segments
Aid in gas exchange and locomotion

105
Q

Class hirudinea

106
Q

Leeches

A

Mostly freshwater/ moist terrestrial environment
Feed on small invertebrates
Can be parasitic
Medical value, treating bruising, pharmaceuticals

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