PHYLUM CHORDATA Flashcards
The most distinguishing character that all animals belonging to this phylum have is the presence of notochord;
chordata
it is a longitudinal rod that is made of cartilage and runs between the nerve cord and the digestive tract
notocord
this is a bundle of nerve fibers which connects the brain to the muscles and other organs
dorsal nerve cord
this is an extension of the body beyond the anus
post-anal tail
openings which connect the mouth and the throat
pharyngeal slits
sometimes known as the turnicata, are commonly known as “sea squirts”;
UROCHORDATA
Known as lancelets or as amphioxus (from the Greek for “both [ends] pointed,” in reference to their shape), cephalochordates are small, eel-like, unprepossessing animals that spend much of their time buried in sand
CEPHALOCHRODATA
also called Craniata, any animal of the subphylum Vertebrata, the predominant subphylum of the phylum Chordata; hey have backbones, from which they derived their name
subphylum vertebrata
The traits that make all of the animals in this section special are their __________, __________, and __________
spinal chord, vertebrae, and notocord
the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo’s development.
cephalization
gill-bearing animals found in freshwater, marine, and brackish water; dubbed as the most primitive class of Subphylum Vertebrata
superclass pisces
primitive earliest jawed fishes of Paleozoic
class placodermi
refers to jawless fishes
Agnatha
mostly marine and cartilaginous endoskeleton
chondrichthyes
freshwater and marine and marine endoskeleton
osteichthyes
characterized by their ability to exploit both terrestrial and aquatic habitats
amphibia
orders of class amphibia
anura, urodela, apoda
determine the amphibia order: FROGS AND TOADS
anura
determine the amphibia order: SALAMANDER AND NEWTS
urodela
determine the amphibia order: CAECILIANS (LEGLESS AMPHIBIANS)
apoda
attaches at the anterior margin of the jaw and folds back over the floor of the mouth; mucous and buccal
glands on the tip of the tongue exude sticky secretions which capture the prey
anuran tongue
__________ are adapted for functioning on land
sensory receptors
amphibians excrete __________ and __________; ridding the body of excess water and conserving water when in land are functions of the kidneys, the skin, and amphibian behavior
ammonia and urea
class that exhibits scales or scutes which serves as protection
reptilia
small and hard plates
scales
bony shells or external structure
scutes
the circulatory system of reptiles is divided into __________ and __________ circuits and functions under relatively high blood pressure
pulmonary and systemic
considered to be the modern descendants of the dinosaurs; waterproof skin covered with feathers; egg-laying animals; endothermic; warm-blooded
aves
derived from the Latin word: “mamma”, which means breasts; young are nourished with milk from the mammary glands of the mother
mammalia
two successive sets of teeth
diphyodonty
presence of a placenta (ex: includes most mammals such as humans, primates, rodents, dogs, and cats)
placental mammals
pouch-bearing mammals (ex: kangaroo and koala)
marsupials
pouch-bearing mammals (ex: kangaroo and koala)
monotremes
pouch-bearing mammals (ex: kangaroo and koala)
monotremes
four main types of teeth
pre-molar, molar, incisor, canine
__________ involves metabolic heat production, insulating pelage, and behavior
mammalian thermoregulation
order of crocodile and alligators
crocodilia
order of tortoise and turtles
chelonia
order of snakes and lizards
squamata
order of tuatara
rynchocephalia
