LESSON 10, 11, 12: PHYLA PLATYHELMINTHES, NEMATODA, ANNELIDA

Question 1

alternatively referred to as flatworms; soft-bodied invertebrates best distinguished by their flat bodies;

Answer 1

Phylum Platyhelminthes

Question 2

an animal that does not possess a body cavity

Answer 2

acoelomate

Question 3

both male and female organs are present in the same body

Answer 3

hermaphrodites

Question 4

non-parasitic, an organism that is not dependent on other species for nutrition and survival

Answer 4

free-living

Question 5

named for the turbulence that their beating cilia create in water; free-living bottom dwellers in freshwater and marine environments; crawl on sand, stones, or vegetation; the few terrestrial
turbellarians are known to reside in the humid tropics and subtropics; aquatic flatworms and planarian

Answer 5

Class Turbellaria

Question 6

a kind of sensory cell located on their heads help them detect food from a considerable distance

Answer 6

chemoreceptors

Question 7

the flatworms wrestle each other in a race to be the first to stab the other flatworm with
its penis; the flatworm who stabs the other first becomes the father, while the flatworm who bears
the wounds becomes the mother; fathers are rewarded with direct access to the eggs while the mother must bear deep wounds and loses any control over the sperms access to the eggs

Answer 7

Penis Fencing

Question 8

named because they have only one generation in their life cycle; that is, one adult develops
from one egg; mostly ectoparasites of freshwater and marine fishes; attach to the gill filaments and feed on epithelial cells, mucus or blood

Answer 8

Class Monogenea

Question 9

parasites that live on the external surface of hosts

Answer 9

ectoparasites

Question 10

commonly known as the class of flukes; includes approximately 8,000 of parasitic flatworms; almost all adult flukes are parasites of vertebrates, whereas immature stages may be found in vertebrates or invertebrates, or encysted on plants

Answer 10

Class Trematoda

Question 11

scientifically known as Fasciola hepatica; common in sheep-raising areas and uses sheep or
humans as definitive host; adults live in the bile duct of the liver, and eggs are passed via the common bile duct to the intestine, from which they are eliminated; humans become infected with this fluke by eating a
freshwater plant called watercress

Answer 11

Sheep Liver Fluke

Question 12

scientifically known as Schistosoma; responsible for an infection in humans termed schistosomiasis; these adult dioecious flukes like in the human bloodstream; people are infected during routine agricultural, domestic, occupational, and recreational activities, which expose them to infested water

Answer 12

Schistosomes or Blood Fluke

Question 13

scientifically known as Clonorchis sinensis; adult liver fluke lives in the bile ducts of liver, where it
feeds on the epithelial tissue and blood, and then releases egg into the common bile duct; can be acquired by eating raw or poorly cooked fish

Answer 13

Chinese Liver Fluke

Question 14

also recognized as the class of tapeworms and acknowledged as the most highly specialized class of 
flatworms; tapeworms enter the body when an individual eats or drinks something that's infected with a worm or its eggs

Answer 14

Class Cestoidea

Question 15

reside on the vertebrate digestive tract

Answer 15

endoparasites

Question 16

also known as roundworms; multicellular and tubular worms with smooth, unsegmented body; are in the same phylogenetic grouping as the arthropods because of the presence of an external cuticle that
protects the animal and keeps it from drying out

Answer 16

Phylum Nematoda

Question 17

the whole digestive tract from the mouth to the anus

Answer 17

alimentary canal

Question 18

a small projection present on an organ of the body

Answer 18

papillae

Question 19

olfactosensory organs in mouth

Answer 19

amphid

Question 20

drugs that get rid of parasitic worms

Answer 20

anthelminthic

Question 21

Ascariasis; infection of the small intestine

Answer 21

Giant Roundworm

Question 22

Giant Roundworm

Answer 22

Ascaris lumbrecoides

Question 23

Enterobiasis; infection of the colon and the rectum caused by pinworms

Answer 23

Pinworms

Question 24

Pinworms

Answer 24

Enterobius vermicularis

Question 25

Necatoriasis; infection of the colon and the rectum caused by pinworms

Answer 25

Hookworms

Question 26

Hookworms

Answer 26

Necator americanus

Question 27

Trichinosis; infection of the intestines caused by porkworms

Answer 27

Porkworms

Question 28

Porkworms

Answer 28

Trichinella spiralis

Question 29

type of drug which relieves inflammation in the body

Answer 29

corticosteroids

Question 30

Elephantiasis; a condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs

Answer 30

Filarial Worms

Question 31

Filarial Worms

Answer 31

Wuchereria bancrofti

Question 32

commonly referred to as segmented worms; characterized by an elongated body divided into segments by transverse rings or annulation; this is a phylum of triploblastic, coelomate animals whose members are segmented, elongated, and cylindrical or oval in cross-section

Answer 32

Phylum Annelida

Question 33

any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection

Answer 33

cuticle

Question 34

any of a variety of tough but flexible, non-mineral outer coverings of an organism, or parts of an organism, that provide protection

Answer 34

cuticle

Question 35

the blood is closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness, and is pumped by the heart through vessels

Answer 35

closed circulatory system

Question 36

also known as segmentation; it is the condition of being constructed of a linear series of repeating parts

Answer 36

metamerism

Question 37

dubbed as the largest annelid class; generally inhabit marine environment despite having adapted to a variety of habitats, and are usually between 5 and 10 cm long

Answer 37

Class Polychaeta

Question 38

lateral extensions; derived from the Greek words: “para”, which means beside; and “podion”, which means little feet

Answer 38

parapodia

Question 39

are bristles secreted from invaginations of the distal ends of the parapodia; they aid in locomotion by digging into a substrate

Answer 39

setae

Question 40

also known as strobilation; it is a form of asexual reproduction consisting of the spontaneous transverse segmentation of the body

Answer 40

budding / transverse fission

Question 41

members of this class include the earthworms and their relatives, as well as the leeches

Answer 41

Class Clitellatah

Question 42

the subclass which includes all various types of earthworms; have setae but lack parapodia; are scavengers and feed primarily on fallen and decaying vegetation

Answer 42

Subclass Oligochaeta

Question 43

organisms that reside on brackish water; a region where the river transitions into the sea

Answer 43

estuarine

Question 44

this subclass contains several species of leeches; lack parapodia and head appendages; setae is absent on most leeches; have 34 segments which are difficult to distinguish externally because 
they have become secondarily divided

Answer 44

Subclass Hirudinea