PHYLUM ARTHROPODA Flashcards
largest phylum in the animal world; dominate the animal kingdom with an estimated 85 percent of known species included in this phylum; principal characteristics of all the animals in this phylum are functional segmentation of the body and presence of jointed appendages
Arthropoda
protein support for the body; made principally of chitin, which is a waterproof, tough polysaccharide
exoskeleton
true body cavity
eucoelomate
the covering of an arthropod
cuticle
which is a thin, waxy water resistant outer layer containing no chitin
epicuticle
which is a thin, waxy water resistant outer layer containing no chitin
epicuticle
“to strip off”; this is a cumbersome method of growth, and during this time, the animal is vulnerable to
predation.
ecdysis
presence of six legs (three pairs) in these animals as differentiated from the number of pairs present in other arthropods.
Hexapoda
distinct region typically comprising several adjoining segments
tagma
bears one pair of sensory antennae, mandibles as mouthparts, a pair of compound eyes, and some ocelli
head
simple eyes
ocelli
bears three pairs of legs (one pair per segment) and two pairs of wings
thorax
bears three pairs of legs (one pair per segment) and two pairs of wings
thorax
usually has eleven segments and bears reproductive apertures
abdomen
respiratory opening or holes
spiracles
includes arthropods with numerous legs (number of legs may vary from 10 to 750); All myriapods are terrestrial animals and prefer a humid environment
Myriapoda
animals that bear one pair of legs per segment, mandibles as mouthparts, and are some what dorsoventrally flattened
chilopoda
bear two pairs of legs per diplosegment, a feature that results from embryonic fusion of adjacent pairs of body segments
diplopoda
most dominant aquatic arthropods; possess two pairs of antennae, mandibles as mouthparts,
and biramous appendages
crustacea
this means that their legs are formed in two parts
biramous appendages
the head and thorax of most crustaceans is fused to form a __________
cephalothorax
cephalothorax is covered by a plate called the __________
carapace
blood cavity
hemocoel
the respiratory pigments present in these crustaceans
Hemocyanin and hemoglobin
the gonad can switch from producing sperm to ova, may also be seen in some species
Serial/sequential hermaphroditism
includes animals such as spiders, scorpions, horseshoe crabs, and sea spiders; predominantly terrestrial;
chelicerata
first pair of appendages, which are specialized, claw-like or fang-like mouthparts.
chelicerae
second pair of appendages
pedipalps
equivalents of cephalothorax (usually smaller)
prosoma
equivalent to abdomen (usually larger)
opisthosoma
equivalent to abdomen (usually larger)
opisthosoma
an additional pair of appendages present between the chelicerae and pedipalps.
ovigers
Most chelicerates ingest food using a __________ formed by the chelicerae and pedipalps.
preoral cavity
determine the class: spiders, scorpions
arachnida
determine the class: horseshoe crabs
merostomata
determine the class: sea spiders
pycnogonida
determine the class: sea spiders
pycnogonida
determine the class: centipedes
chilopoda
determine the class: millipedes
diplopoda
determine the class: barnacles
maxillipoda
these are winged insects
insecta
blastopore turns into oral cavity
protostomic
blastopore to anal cavity
deuterostomes
opening of the central cavity of embryo
blastopore
