Phylloxera Flashcards

1
Q

When did Phylloxera invade Jumilla?

A

1989

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2
Q

Where is Phylloxera native to?

A

Mississippi Valley

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3
Q

What is the recommended period for flooding to combat Phylloxera?

A

submerged for 40 days

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4
Q

What were the last two vineyards of Burgundy planted on their own rootstock?

A

Romanée-Conti and Richebourg
•Ripped up in 1945
•Replanted in 1947

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5
Q

What was the last major region in France to be invaded by Phylloxera?

A

Champange - 1988 in the Aube

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6
Q

What two regions famously pivoted away from red grape varieties post-Phylloxera?

A

Sancerre and the Jura

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7
Q

What was the original treatment of choice in France for Phylloxera?

A
Carbon Disulfide (CS2)
•A gas that was injected into the soil (of a very specific nature)
•Highly combustible and very expensive
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8
Q

When did Phylloxera invade Greece?

A

1898

•Did not reach the Pelopponese until the 1960s and Crete until the 1970s

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9
Q

What three zones is Australia divided into for Phylloxera?

A
  • Phylloxera Exclusion Zoen (PEZ)
  • Phylloxera Risk Zones (PRZ)
  • Phylloxera Infected Zones (PIZ) - with a 5 km vine-free buffer zone required
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10
Q

What portion of South Australia’s vines are planted on their own rootstock?

A

74%

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11
Q

What are the only Australian states Phylloxera has been discovered in?

A
  • Victoria
  • Queensland
  • NSW
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12
Q

When was Phylloxera discovered in California?

A

1873 - Buena Vista (owned by Agoston Haraszthy; in Sonoma)

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13
Q

What two factors caused Phylloxera to infest California twice?

A

In 1980, AXR-1 was the recommended rootstock by UC Davis, but it was a cross between Aramon (vinifera) and rupestris and was known to not be resistant
•The rise of irrigation

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14
Q

When was Phylloxera discovered in Oregon?

A

1990

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15
Q

When did Phylloxera infest Washington?

A

It hasn’t–many believe the dry conditions and extreme winters have kept Phylloxera at bay

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16
Q

What is the killing blow from Phylloxera?

A

Lumps/tubers sweel on the roots and split allowing various bacteria and fungi to infect the plant

17
Q

What the inverse resistance to Phylloxera for vinifera and native American vines?

A
  • Vinifera - leaves are resistant but roots are not

* American - roots are resistant but leaves are not (but the galls that appear will not kill the vine)

18
Q

Does Phylloxera feed on native American vines?

A

Yes, but only the tiny feeder roots which replenish so rapidly the vine can survive