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Geography > Phyical Landscapes In The Uk > Flashcards

Phyical Landscapes In The Uk Flashcards

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1
Q

What is relief

A

Relief refers to the way the landscape changes in height

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2
Q

What causes waves

A

When wind blows across the sea, friction between the wind and water surface causes waves

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3
Q

What are the two difference types of waves

A

Constructive and destructive

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4
Q

What does a destructive wave look like and do

A

Destructive waves erode the most
They are high
The backwash is stronger than the swash

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5
Q

What does a constructive wave look like and do

A

Constructive waves build beaches
They are low
The waves swash is stronger than the backwash

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6
Q

What are the 3 weathering processes

A

Mechanical
Chemical
Biological

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7
Q

What is mechanical weathering

A

Mechanical weathering is also known as physical weathering. This involves the disintegration of rock without any chemical changes

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8
Q

What is chemical weathering

A

Chemical weathering is when rocks dissolved due to the chemical change that happened between the rock and the rain, this only happens to limestone and chalk

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9
Q

What is biological weathering

A

Biological weathering involves the action of of plants and animals. Plant roots are effective at growing and expanding in the cracks of the rock

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10
Q

What is mass movement

A

Mass movement in the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity

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11
Q

What are the 4 processes of coastal erosion

A

Hydraulic action
Abrasion
Attrition
Solution

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12
Q

What are the 4 main processes of coastal transportation

A

Traction
Saltation
Suspension
Solution

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13
Q

What is hydraulic action

A

Water is launched at the rock and forced into the cracks, eroding the rock away with the water

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14
Q

What is abrasion

A

When the wave pick up loose stones and rock and hurl them against the rock

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15
Q

What is attrition

A

This is when the sediment becomes rounder and smoother as they collide with each other in the water

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16
Q

What is solution (erosion)

A

This is when sediment is dissolved by the sea water

17
Q

What is traction

A

This is when large pebbles are rolled along the sea bed

18
Q

What is saltation

A

When small particles bounce or hop along the sea bed

19
Q

What is suspension

A

Where lighter particles are carried within the water

20
Q

What is solution (transportation)

A

Where dissolved chemicals are transported in the water

21
Q

What type of wind is needed for long shore drift to happen

A

Prevailing wind

22
Q

What is the coastline called when the layers of soft and hard rock (strata) are parallel to the coastline (=)

A

Concordant

23
Q

What is the last line called when the layers or hard rock and soft rock (strata) are perpendicular to the coastline ( ll )

A

Discordant

24
Q

What are the 3 hard engineering strategies

A

Groynes
Sea walls
Rock armour

25
Q

What are the 3 soft engineering strategies

A

Beach nourishment
Dune regeneration
Managed retreat

26
Q

What is the average annual erosion in the holderness coast

A

2 metres per year

27
Q

Over the past 1000 years how many villages have been lost

A

29

28
Q

Why is the holderness coast being eroded so quickly

A

Material is rapidly being removed by the sea from destructive waves
Exposed coastline

29
Q

How much money was spent in 1991 for coastal protection

A

£2 million

30
Q

What does the upper course look like and have

A

V shaped valley
Steep sides
Narrow channels

31
Q

What does the middle course look like and have

A

Less steep gradient
Gentle sloping sides
Deeper channel

32
Q

What does the lower course look like and have

A

Very gentle gradient
Flat valley
Deep and wide channel

33
Q

What do you physical features do you find in the upper course

A

Waterfalls and gorges

34
Q

What do you physical features do you find in the middle course

A

Meanders and oxbow lakes

35
Q

What do you physical features do you find in the lower course

A

Floodplains, levées and estuaries

36
Q

What’s is the name of where the fresh river water and sea water meet

A

Flocculation

37
Q

Human causes for river flooding

A

Urbanisation
Deforestation
Increases in population density

38
Q

What is a hard engineering techniques for flooding

A

Dams

39
Q

What are soft engineering techniques for flooding

A

Straightening and deepening the river

Geography (4 decks)

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