Phy. 1-4

Question 0

Lifespan development

Answer 0

The scientific field covering all of the human lifespan

Question 1

Developmentalists

Answer 1

Researchers and practitioners whose professional interest lies in the study of the human lifespan

Question 2

Child development

Answer 2

Study from birth to adolescence

Question 3

Gerontology

Answer 3

Scientific study of the aging process and older adults

Question 4

Normative transitions

Answer 4

Predictable life changes that occur during development

Question 5

Non-normative transitions

Answer 5

Unpredictable or atypical life changes that occur during development

Question 6

Cohort

Answer 6

The age group with whom we travel through life. Baby boom 1946-1964

Question 7

Context of development

Answer 7

Fundamental markers including cohort, socioeconomic status, culture, gender, shaping development

Question 8

Average life expectancy

Answer 8

A persons fifty-fifty chance at birth of living to a given age

Question 9

20th century life expectancy revolution

Answer 9

Dramatic increase in average life expectancy during first half of twentieth century in developed world

Question 10

Maximum lifespan

Answer 10

Biological limit of human life 105 years

Question 11

Young-old

Answer 11

People in their 60s and 70s

Question 12

Old-old

Answer 12

Ages 80 and up

Question 13

Income inequality

Answer 13

The gap between the rich and poor within a nation.

Question 14

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 14

Basic market referring to status on the educational and especially-income rungs

Question 15

Traditional behaviorism

Answer 15

The original behavioral worldview that focused on charting and modifying only “objective” visible behaviors

Question 16

Operant conditioning

Answer 16

According to the traditional behavioral perspective, the law of learning that determines any voluntary response. We act the way we do because we are reinforced for acting in that way

Question 17

Attachment theory

Answer 17

Formulated by John Bowlby centering on the crucial importance to our species survival of being closely attached to a caregiver and later and significant other

Question 18

Cognitive behaviorism

Answer 18

Social learning theory. Worldview that emphasizes people learn by watching others. Reinforcement determines our behavior. Cognitive theorist chart and modify people’s thoughts

Question 19

Self-efficacy

Answer 19

Cognitive behaviorism- internal belief in our competence that predicts into talking actives, failures and goals

Question 20

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 20

Theory highlighting the role that inborn, species-specific behaviors play in human development and life

Question 21

Behavioral genetics

Answer 21

Field devoted to scientifically determining the role that heredity forces play in determining individual differences in behavior

Question 22

Twin study

Answer 22

Behavioral genetic research strategy, designed to determine the genetic contribution of a given trait

Question 23

Adoption study

Answer 23

Behavioral genetic research strategy designed to find genetic contribution to a given trait. Adoptive children and biological parents

Question 24

Twin/adoption study

Answer 24

Behavioral genetic research compares identical twins in different adoptive families

Question 25

Evocative forces

Answer 25

The nature interacts With nurture principal that our genetic temperamental tendencies and predispositions evoke

Question 26

Bidirectionality

Answer 26

Crucial principal that people affect one another

Question 27

Active forces

Answer 27

Nature interacts with nurture principal that our genetic temperamental tendencies and predispositions cause us to actively choose to put ourselves into specific environments

Question 28

epigenetics

Answer 28

The study of the expression if genes in a stimulated environment. Epigenome

Question 29

Eriksons psychological tasks

Answer 29

``` Eight stages as we travel through life. Basic trust vs mistrust 1yr. Autonomy vs shame and doubt 2yrs Initiative vs guilt 6 yrs Industry vs inferiority. Puberty Identity vs role confusion 20s Intimacy vs isolation 40s ```

Question 30

Piaget's cognitive developmental theory

Answer 30

``` From infancy to adolescence 4 stages. Sensorimotor 2yrs Preoperation 2-7 Concrete operations 8-12 Formal operations 12+ ```

Question 31

Assimilation

Answer 31

Jean piagets theory. First step to mental growth. Fitting environmental input into our existing mental capacities

Question 32

Accommodation

Answer 32

Piaget. Enlarging our mental capacities to for input from wider world

Question 33

Developmental systems approach

Answer 33

Bronfenbrenner ecological model. Different forces that shape development

Question 34

Correlation study

Answer 34

A research strategy that involves relating two or more variables

Question 35

Representative sample

Answer 35

A group that reflects the characteristics of the overall population

Question 36

Naturalistic observation

Answer 36

A measurement strategy that involves directly watching and coding behaviors

Question 37

Self-report strategy

Answer 37

Measurement strategy that involves having people report on their feelings and activities through questionnaires

Question 38

True experiments

Answer 38

Only way to find cause. Randomly assigning people to different treatments and then looking at outcome

Question 39

Cross-sectional study

Answer 39

A developmental research strategy that involves testing different age groups at the same time.

Question 40

Longitudinal study

Answer 40

Developmental research strategy that involves testing an age group repeatedly over many years