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A&P Ossification > Ossification > Flashcards

Ossification Flashcards

0
Q

Perichondrium

A

Double-layered connective tissue sheath covering most cartilage

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1
Q

Lacuna

A

Cartilage, singular. Chondrocyte occupies a lacuna

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2
Q

Articulate cartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage that covers bones at joints. Has no perichondrium blood vessels or nerves

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3
Q

Appositional growth

A

Chondroblasts in perichondrium add new cartilage to outside edge of existing cartilage

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4
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Chondrocytes within tissue divide and add more matrix between existing cells

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5
Q

Hydroxyapatite

A

65% of bone. Inorganic. Calcium phosphate crystal.

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6
Q

Ruffled boarder

A

Osteoclasts. SpecialIzed reabsorption area

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7
Q

Lacunae

A

Plural, bone networking. Osteocytes

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8
Q

Canaliculi

A

Spaces occupied by osteocyte processes. Little canals

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9
Q

Osteochondral progenitor cells

A

Stem cells that become either osteoblasts or Chondroblasts

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10
Q

Woven bone

A

Random colleges fibers. Appear in fetal development and bone repair.

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11
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Mature bone organized in thin sheets

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12
Q

Trabeculae

A

Spongy bone. Interconnecting rods or plates. Spaces filled with marrow and vessels

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13
Q

Central canals

A

Parallel to axis of bone. Lined with endosteum and contain blood vessels nerves and connective tissue

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14
Q

Concentric lamellae

A

Circular layers of matrix that surround a central canal

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15
Q

Osteon

A

Haversian system: central canal, associated concentric lamellae, osteocytes.

16
Q

Circumferential lamellae

A

Outer surface of compacts bone.

17
Q

Interstital lamellae

A

Parts of circumferential lamellae left during bone remodeling

18
Q

Perforating canals

Volkmann canals

A

Allows blood vessels through the periosteum and medullary cavity

19
Q

Bone shapes

A

Long. Flat. Short. Irregular

20
Q

Perforating fibers

A

Sharpey fibers. Bundles of collagen fibers that strengthen the attachment of tendons and ligaments.

21
Q

Endosteum

A

Single layer of cells that lines internal surfaces of cavities in bone

22
Q

Intramembranous ossification

A

Week 8. Done by 2 years. Skull, mandible, diaphysis of clavicle. Osteoprogentor cells become osteoblasts. Begin at center of ossification. Move outward

23
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Week 8. End 18-20 yrs old. Base of skull, part of mandible, epiphysis of clavicle, most of skeleton. Osteochondral progenitor cells become Chondroblasts, form hyaline cartilage model. Blood invades, Osteochondral progenitor cells in perichondrium become osteoblasts.

24
Q

Bone collar

A

During endochondral ossification, osteoblasts produce compact bone on surface of cartilage model-bone collar

25
Q

Primary ossification center

A

Diaphysis-spongy bone

26
Q

Growth in bone length steps

A

Zone of resting, zone of proliferation, zone of hypertrophy, zone of calcification

27
Q

Vitamin D

A

Absorption of calcium from intestines

28
Q

Rickets

A

Reduced mineralization of bone matrix

29
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Softening of bones due to calcium depletion

30
Q

Vitamin C

A

Necessary for collagen synthesis by osteoblasts.

31
Q

Scurvy

A

Vitamin C deficiency. Ulceration and hemorrhage anywhere collagen synthesis is not occurring. Teeth fall out

32
Q

Growth hormone

A

Anterior pituitary. Stimulates interstitial cartilage growth and Appositional growth

33
Q

Thyroid hormone

A

Needed for growth, otherwise may be a small individual

34
Q

Sex hormones

A

Estrogen causes quicker closure of the epiphyseal plate

35
Q

Steps of bone repair

A
  1. Hematoma formation
  2. Callus formation- internal then external
  3. Callus ossification- replaced by woven spongy bone
  4. Bone remodeling- new compact bone
36
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Elevates blood calcium levels

37
Q

Calcitonin

A

From thyroid gland, reduces blood calcium levels. Inhibits osteoclasts

A&P Ossification (5 decks)

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