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ENT > Phrynx > Flashcards

Phrynx Flashcards

1
Q

Epipharynx is another name of ??

A

Nasopharynx

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2
Q

Nasopharynx extends to which vertebrae

A

C1

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3
Q

Structures present in

lateral wall of nasopharynx from below upwards

A

Pharyngeal opening of eustachian tube
Fossa of rosenmuller
Sphenopalatine foramen

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4
Q

Wht is torus tubaris

A

Opening of eustachian tube is bounded by elevation above and behind called torus tubaris

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5
Q

Location of opening of pharyngeal portion of ET

A

Behind the post end of the inferior turbinate

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6
Q

Most common site for nasopharyngeal cancer

A

Fossa of rosenmuller

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7
Q

Most common site for origin of angiofibroma

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

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8
Q

Wht is thornwalds disease

A

Abscess of nasopharyngeal bursa

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9
Q

Oropharynx extends till

Which vertebrae

A

C2 and C3

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10
Q

Ant pillar is formed which muscle

A

Palatoglossus muscle

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11
Q

Post pillar is formed by which muscle

A

Palatopharyngeus

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12
Q

Wht is passavants ridge

A

Some fibres of palatopharyngeus

Go posteriorly along with lower fibres of superior constructor forms a ridge called passavants ridge

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13
Q

Where is sinus of morgagni

A

Bw base of skull and superior constrictor

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14
Q

parts of hypopharynx

A

pyriform fossa
postcricoid region
posterior pharyngeal wall

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15
Q

importance of pyriform fossa

A

lateral channel for food
foreign body may lodge here
internal laryngeal nerve runs submucosally and is thus easily accessible for anaesthesia
pain is referred to ear of ca pyriform fossa via this nerve

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16
Q

postcricoid region is commonest site for

A

carcinoma in females suffering from plummer vinson syndrome

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17
Q

lower limit of hypopharynx is

A

lower border cricoid cartilage

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18
Q

hypopharynx lies opposite to which cervical vertebrae

A

3,4,5,6

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19
Q

which fascia forms capsule of tonsil

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

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20
Q

structures passing through sinus of moragani

A 
P palatine br of ascending pharyngeal artery 
L levator palati muscle 
A ascending palatine artery 
T 
tensor veli palatini 
E
eustachian tube
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21
Q

structures passing between superior constrictor and middle constrictor

A

stylopharyngeus muscle

glossopharyngeal nerve

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22
Q

between middle and inferior constrictor

A

int laryngeal nerve

sup laryngeal vessel

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23
Q

between lower border of inferior constrictor and esophagus

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

inf laryngeal vessels

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24
Q

killians dehiscence is

A

inf constrictor consist of 2 part
upper 》 thyropharyngeus
oblique fibres
lower 》cricopharyngeus

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25
Q

is killians dehiscence a true diverticulum

A

no it is a pulsion diverticulum as it has no muscle layer

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26
Q

which is known as gateway of tears

A

killians dehiscence

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27
Q

components of waldeyers ring

A

palatine tonsils
adenoids tubal
lingual
lateral pharyngeal bands

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28
Q

lushka tonsil is another name for

A

adenoids

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29
Q

gerlach tonsil is another name of

A

tubal tonsil

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30
Q

faucial tonsil is another name for

A

palatine tonsil

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31
Q

all pharyngeal muscles r supplied by ____ nerve except stylopharengeus which is supplied by ___

A

10 th nerve

and stylopharyngeus by 9 nerve

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32
Q

passavants ridge is formed by ??

A

palatopharyngeus

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33
Q

nasopharynx is lined by ??

A

ciliated columnar epithelium

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34
Q

tonsils are lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium as they r part of oropharynx

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35
Q

adenoids are lined by

A

stratified squamous epithelium as they are a part of nasopharynx

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36
Q

tonsillar capsule is formed by

A

pharyngobasilar fascia

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37
Q

when does tonsil achieve maximum size

A

6-7yrs

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38
Q

layers of tonsillar bed from within out r

A 
pharyngobasilar fascia 
superior constrictor above and palatopharyngeus below 
buccopharyngeal fascia 
styloglossus 
glossopharyngeal nerve
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39
Q

pulsatle tonsil is due to

A

aneurysm of internal carotid artery

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40
Q

most common cause of bleeding from tonsil

A

tonsillar branch of facial artery

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41
Q

stages of acute tonsillitis

A

acute catarrhal tonsillitis
acute follicular tonsillitis
acute membranous tonsillitis
acute parenchymatous tonsillitis

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42
Q

kissing tonsils are those with ?

A

1+ 25% projection
2+ 25-50% projection
3 50-75%projection 4 75-100% projection k/a kissing tonsils

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43
Q

complications of acute tonsillitis

A 
O otitis media
 R
rheumatic fever
A
abscess
peritonsillar 
parapharyngeal
cervical 
N 
tonsillitis chronic 
G glomerulonephritis E subacute bacterial endocarditis
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44
Q

differential diagnosis of a membrane over a tonsil

A 
trauma tumor of tonsil
infection candida 
diphtheria tonsillitis 
V vincet angina 
I infectious mononucleosis A agranulocytosis L
leukemia
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45
Q

4 cardinal signs of chronic tonsillitis

A

persistent congestion of anterior pillar
ervin Moore sign
non tender enlarged ingulodigastric nodes
enlarged tonsils

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46
Q

ervin moore sign

A

positive sueeze test in chronic tonsillitis

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47
Q

nontonsillar indications for tonsillectomy

A

stylagia (elongated styloid process)
glossopharyngeal neuralgia
uvulopalatopharygoplasty in OSA

48
Q

position of pt during tonsillectomy

A

rose position

49
Q

position of pt after tonsillectomy

A

lateral position

50
Q

method of performing tonsillectomy

A

dissection and snaring

51
Q

mc complication of tonsillectomy

A

haemorrage

52
Q

mc cause of bleeding during tonsillectomy

A

paratonsillar vein

53
Q

primary hrge following tonsillectomy

A

at time of operation

54
Q

reactionary hrge during tonsillectomy

A

within 24 hrs of surgery due to slippage of ligature

55
Q

secondary hrge during tonsillectomy

A

between 5th -10th day

due to infection

56
Q

management of reactionary hrge following tonsillectomy

A

removal of clots
use of vasoconstriction ligation of blood vessels in ot
applying a pressure pack

57
Q

wht is quinsy

A

pus bw fibrous capsule of tonsil and sup constrictor

58
Q

commonest site for tonsillitis

A

upper pole

59
Q

quinsy is bilateral? T/F

A

F

ITis unilateral

60
Q

wht is hot tonsillectomy

A

tonsillectomy done in acute stage not done because of risk of septicaemia and hrge

61
Q

causes of rhinolalia clausa

A

toneless voice with no nasal component 1 adenoid hypertrophy 2b/l nasal polyp
3hypertrophic turbinates
4nasal allergy 5nasopharyngeal angiofibroma

62
Q

rose position is used during?

A

tonsillectomy adenoidectomy tracheostomy

63
Q

griesel syndrome

A

torticollis can occur as a complication of adenoidectomy due ligamentous laxity sec to inflammatory process in upper neck

non traumatic atlantoaxial instability secondary to any inflammatory process in the neck

64
Q

killian janiesons space

A

lies bw cricopharyngeus and circular fibres of esophagus

65
Q

lamier hackerman triangle

A

lies bw circular and longitudinal fibres of esophagus

66
Q

IOC for zenkers diverticulum

A

barium swallow

67
Q

should tonsillectomy be done in children less thn 3yrs

A

no it is advisable delay it till 3

68
Q

DOC for quinsy

A

iv benzilpenicillin in pt allergic give erythromycin

69
Q

where is retropharyngeal space

A

bw buccopharyngeal space and alar fascia

extends from base of skull to bifurcation of trachea

70
Q

content of retropharyngeal space

A

retropharyngeal nodes

71
Q

boundaries of retropharyngeal space

A 
ant buccopharyngeal fascia
post 
alar fascia
laterally 
carotid sheath
72
Q

retropharyngeal abscess causes bilateral swelling

A

no median raphe divides the space into 2 space of Gillette so produces unilateral bulge

73
Q

danger space lies bw

A

alar fascia and prevertebral fascia

space can spread and lead to mediastinitis

74
Q

mcc of retropharyngeal abscess

A

in children suppuration of retropharyngeal nodes
in adults
penetrating injuries

75
Q

causative agent of Vincent’s angina

A

borrelia Vincentii

76
Q

clinical feature of Vincent’s angina

A

necrotising gingivitis ie gums are covered with necrotic membranes which wben removed causes bleeding

77
Q

treatment of Vincent’s angina

A

penicillin and metronidazole

78
Q

wht is Ludwig angina

A

lnfection of submandibular space is called Ludwig angina

79
Q

extent of submandibular space

A

bw mucous membrane of floor of mouth and deep cervical fascia bw hyoid bone and mandible

80
Q

parts of submandibular space

A

it is divided into 2 by mylohyoid ie submandibular and submaxillary

81
Q

most common cause of Ludwig angina

A

dental infection and tht also

premolars 》sublingual molar》 submaxillary

82
Q

treatment of thornwaldts abscess

A

antibiotics marsuplization

83
Q

parapharyngeal abscess presents as

A

ipsilateral swelling over middle 1/3rd of sternocleidomastoid
swelling behind angle of jaw and displacement of tonsil
+
there is history of dental caries

84
Q

where is pharyngimaxillary space

A

pharyngomaxillary is another name of parapharyngeal space

85
Q

styloid process divides pharynx into ??

A

ant compartment causing trismus

post compartment causing torticollis

86
Q

mc benign tumor of nasopharynx

A

angiofibroma

87
Q

angiofibroma is very malignant T/F

A

F

IT is a benign tumor

88
Q

angiofibroma is present only in males T/F

A

T

seen exclusively in males it is a testosterone dependant tumor

89
Q

why biopsy is c/i in angiofibroma

A

as it is a locally invasive vasoformative tumor consisting of endothelium lined vessel’s with no muscle coat

90
Q

major blood supply to angiofibroma is via

A

int maxillary artery

91
Q

most common symptoms of angiofibroma is

A

profuse episode of recurrent bleeding occuring juvenile males is angiofibroma until proved otherwise

92
Q

IOC for angiofibroma

A

contrast enhanced ct scan

93
Q

antral sign is seen in ??

A

angiofibroma ant bowing of posterior wall of maxilla due to tumor enlarging in pterygopalatine fossa

94
Q

holman miller sign is

A

another name of antral sign of angiofibroma

95
Q

TOC For angiofibroma

A

surgical excision

96
Q

other treatment options for angiofibroma

A

preoperative embolization estrogen therapy
cryotherapy
radiotherapy antitestosterone therapy
radiotherapy for recurrent and intracranial extension
chemotherapy with dacarbazine ,doxorubicin ,vincristine

97
Q

frog face deformitty is seen in

A

angiofibroma

98
Q

most common histological type of nasopharyngeal ca

A

scc

99
Q

most common manifestations of nasopharyngeal cancer

A

upper neck swelling due to cervical lymphadenopathy

100
Q

earliest lymph node involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

retropharyngeal lymph node

101
Q

virus implicated in nasopharyngeal cancer

A

EBV

102
Q

MC Cranial nerve palsy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma

A

5th》6th

103
Q

collet sicard syndrome is k/a

A

involvmemt of 9,10,11,12 nerve

104
Q

trotters triad or sinus of moragani

A
  • conductive deafness
  • temporoparietal neuralgia due 5 th nerve
  • palatal paralysis due to 9 th nerve
105
Q

imaging modality of choice for nasopharyngeal cancer

A

MRI with gadolinium and fat suppression

106
Q

presse nce of unilateral serous otitis media in adult signifies

A

nasopharyngeal growth

107
Q

TOC for nasopharyngeal cancer

A

radiation

108
Q

nasopharyngeal cancer is occupational hazard of

A

wood workers

109
Q

lhermitte’s

sign is ?

A

seen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma due to radiation to cervical spine lightening like sensation spreading in go both arms

110
Q

plummer vinson syndrome

A

webs in postcricoid region
iron deficiency anaemia
glossitis
koilonychia achlorhydria

111
Q

wht is apnea index

A

no of apnea episodes in 1 hour

112
Q

arousal index

A

arousal episodes in 1hr

113
Q

gold standard for obstructive sleep apnea

A

tracheostomy

114
Q

investigation of choice for dysphagia

A

barium videofluroscopy

115
Q

rigid esophagoscopy position

A

boyce position

116
Q

most common complications

A

perforation

117
Q

most common site for perforation in esophagoscopy

A

just above cricopharyngeus

ENT (5 decks)

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