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ENT > nose > Flashcards

nose Flashcards

1
Q

__part of nose is bony and __ is cartilaginous

A

upper 1/3 rd bony

lower 2/ 3 cartilagenous

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2
Q

shape of septal cartilage is ??

A

quadrilateral

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3
Q

vidian neurectomy improve the symptoms in

A

vasomotor rhinitis

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4
Q

part bw 2 nasal vestibules is called as

A

columella

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5
Q

osseocartilagenous junction on dorsum of nose is ?

A

rhinion

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6
Q

sensory epithelium from nose is derived from

A

neural tube

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7
Q

boundaries of internal nasal valve are

A

laterally limen nasi and inf turbinate medially nasal septum and inferiorly floor by pyriform aperture

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8
Q

imp of nasal valve

A

area of greatest constriction of respiratory tract

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9
Q

patency of nasal valve is checked by ?

A

cottle test

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10
Q

schneiderian membrane is lines ?

A

lower 2/3 rd of nasal cavity and upper1/3 rd is lined by olfactory epithelium

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11
Q

largest turbinate is

A

inferior turbinate

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12
Q

largest meatus is ?

A

inferior meatus

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13
Q

nasolacrimal duct opens in

A

inferior meatus

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14
Q

nasolacrimal duct is closed by

A

hasner duct

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15
Q

wht opens into middle meatus

A

opening of anterior grp of sinus which r maxillary sinus , frontal sinus ,and anterior ethmoidal

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16
Q

wht is agger nasi

A

curved ridge above atrium is called agger nasi it may get pneumatised from ethmoid is k/a agger nasi cell

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17
Q

bulla ethmoidalis represents which part of bone

A

middle ethmoidal air cells

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18
Q

which is sickel shaped bone behind middle meatus

A

uncinate process

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19
Q

wht opens into superior meatus

A

posterior ethmoidal cells

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20
Q

sphenoethmoidal recess opens into

A

superior meatus

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21
Q

name anterior ethmoidal cells

A

•bulla ethmoidalis •agger nasi
•haler cells
cells in floor of orbit

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22
Q

name posterior ethmoidal cells

A

onodi cells most post ethmoidal air cells related to optic nerve and int carotid artery

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23
Q

septum proper is formed from

A 
•septal cartilage/quadrilateral cartilage 
•perpendicular plate of ethmoid 
•vomer 
#other bony contributors are
•nasal spine of frontal bone 
•crest of Palatine bone 
•crest of maxilla 
•rostrum of sphenoid
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24
Q

littles area is formed from

A

L labial artery
E ant ethmoidal a
G greater Palatine
S sphenopalatine a

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25
Q

unicinate process is part of which bone

A

ethmoid bone

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26
Q

meatus r part of which bone

A

superior and middle turbinate r part of ethmoidal bone and inf meatus is itself a separate bone

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27
Q

nasal cycle is cyclical alternste nasal blockage occurring every

A

2-4hrs

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28
Q

parosmia

A

perversion of smell

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29
Q

structures seen on posterior rhinoscopy

A
  • both chonae •post end of nasal septum •opening of eustachian tube
  • posterior end of sup/middle and inf turbinates
  • fossa of rosenmuller •torus tubaris
  • adenoids
  • roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx
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30
Q

IOC for paranasal sinus is

A

CT scan

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31
Q

where is sphenopalatine foramen

A

post end of middle turbinate points to opening of sphenopalatine foramen
it is a communication bw nadal cavity and pterygopalatibe fossa

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32
Q

structures passing through sphenopalatine foramen

A

maxillary nerve 2 branches
• nasopalatine br
•sup nasal br
• sphenopalatine br of maxillary artery

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33
Q

ext nose is formed from number of cartilages

A

3 paired +1 unpaired •paired upper lateral
•paired lower nasal
•lesser alar cartilage • unpaired septal cartilage

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34
Q

direction of nasolacrimal duct

A

downwards backwards

laterally

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35
Q

cause of saddle nose

A 
H hematoma O 
operative 
T 
trauma (most common)
S
syphilis 
A 
abscess 
L
Leprosy 
T 
tuberculosis
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36
Q

mcc of saddle nose

A

nasal trauma

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37
Q

crooked nose

A

dorsum is deviated but tip in midline

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38
Q

deviated nose is ?

A

dorsum and tip are straight but deviated to one side

39
Q

chonal atresia is due to persistent which membrane?

A

bucconasal membrane

rht is more common than left

40
Q

choanal ateresia is associated with which syndrome

A 
C coloboma H 
heart defects
A 
atresia of choana
R
 retarted growth 
G 
genital anomalies E ear anomalies
41
Q

Rhinophyma is due to

A

hypertrophy of sebaceous glands
they r holocrine glands
seen in long standing cases of acne rosea

42
Q

mc malignant tumor of nose

A

bcc

43
Q

frustenberg test is

A

it is for nasal encephalocele ie on bilateral compression of int jugular vein leads to inc in size of mass

44
Q

IOC for nasal encephalocele

A

MRI

BIOPSY IS C/I

45
Q

diffren ence between nasal glioma and encephalocele

A

nasal glioma is detached encephalocele thus it non compressible
and frustenberg test negative

46
Q

which is preferred septoplasty or smr

A

septoplasty as it is conservative

47
Q

can septal surgery be done before 17 yrs

A

no it should be done after 17 to allow growth of nasal skeleton

48
Q

killians incision is for

A

smr given 1.25 cm behind columella

49
Q

freers incision is for

A

for septoplasty

50
Q

which ds causes perforation of bony part of septum

A

syphilis

51
Q

which ds causes perforation of cartilaginous part

A

lupus tb

leprosy

52
Q

which procedure is helpful in dx of choanal atresia

A

passing red rubber catheter
breath sounds by stethoscope endoscopy of nose
acoustic rhinometery

53
Q

wht is required to prevent synechiae

after nasal surgery

A

mitomycin

54
Q

is fess c/i below 12 yrs

A

no

55
Q

which sinus is not effected by dns

A

sphenoid sinus

56
Q

whole septum is perforatedby which ds

A

wegner granulomatosis

57
Q

sluders neuralgia

A

ant ethmoidal syndrome it is pain around bridge of nose radiating to forehead it is said to originate
from middle turbinate
it is also ka contact point headache

58
Q

mc site for nasal hemangioma

A

nasal tip

59
Q

mc site for lupus vulgaris of nose

A

mucocutaneus junction of nasal septum

60
Q

apple jelly nodules are characteristic of ??

A

lupus vulgaris

61
Q

mikulciz ds is another name of

A

rhinoscleroma

62
Q

cause of rhinoscleroma is

A

klebsiella rhinoscleromatis

63
Q

stages of rhinoscleroma

A 
1 atrophic stage 
resembles
atophic rhinitis
2. granulomatous stage 
proliferative ds characterized  by pressence of mikulicz cells 
subdermal woody feel 
there is broadnening of nose due to thickening of skin with characteristic hebra nose 
3.Cicatericial stage 
adhesions ,stenosis 
leading to formation of taper nose
64
Q

biosy finding of rhinoscleroma

A

russels cells

mikuliz cells

65
Q

a 42 yr man comes with foul smelling nasal discharge and crusting on examination there are painless nodules in nasal mucosa and there is woody feel over nose wht is likely to found on biopsy

A

it is a typical case of rhinoscleroma on biopsy there will be characteristic russel and mikulicz cells

66
Q

tapir nose is seen in

A

rhinoscleroma

67
Q

rhinoscleroma 5 imp words

A 
klebsiella rhinoscleroma russel and mikulicz cells
3 stages 
woody feel
hebra nose 
taper nose
68
Q

causative agent of rhinosporidiosis

A

rhinosporidium seeberi a protozoan

69
Q

most common mode of affection of rhinosporidiosis

A

contaminated water of pond

common in farmers and peopke bathing in ponds

70
Q

35 yr old farmer presents with pink colored polypoidal mass in nasal cavity which bleeds on touch it is studded with white dots pt also complains of blood stained nasal discharge
wht is treatment

A

classic case of rhinosporidiosis

biopsy will reveal multiple several sporangia and spores
treatment is endoscopic excision followed by cauterization of its base
medical management is with dapsone
inj is with corticosteroids and amphotericin

71
Q

most commonest fungal infection of nose is

A

aspergillosis

72
Q

causative organisms of aspergillosis

A

aspergillus fumigatus

73
Q

mucormycosis is different from other fungal inf how

A

it has a great predilection for blood vessel and arteries leading to extensive endothelial damage and thrombosis leading to black necrotic nass filling entire cavity

74
Q

killians polyp is another name of

A

antrochoanal polyp

75
Q

antrochoanal polyp effects which age group

A

children and young adults

76
Q

most common site of ethmoid polyp arise

A

ethmoid sinus

77
Q

antrochoanal polyp arise from

A

maxillary antrum

78
Q

age grp having ethmoidal polyp

A

30-60 yrs older adults

79
Q

cause of ethmoidal polyp

A

allergy

80
Q

cause of antrochoanal polyp

A

allergy + infection

81
Q

which polyps are unilateral

and bilateral

A

unilateral are antrochoanal polyp and bilateral are ethmoidal polyp

82
Q

are antrochoanal polyp seen on ant rhinoscopy

A

no they r posterior so visalused on post rhinoscopy

83
Q

IOC for nasal polyp is

A

NCCT

84
Q

TOC FOR nasal polyp are

A

FESS

85
Q

samter triad include

A

asthma

aspirin intolerance nasal polyp

86
Q

multiple nasal polyp is associated with ___

A

mucoviscidosis

87
Q

unilateral foul smelling discharge in a child is pathognomic of

A

foreign body

88
Q

recurrent polyps are

A

ethmoidal polyp

89
Q

midline non healing granuloma of nose are

A

wegners granuloma stewarts granuloma stewarts granuloma is called lethal midline granuloma

90
Q

wht is stewarts granuloma

A

it us ka lethal midline granuloma

or midfacial lymphonait ulcerates nasal cartilage and bone it is strongly associated with ebv

91
Q

type of syphilis effects nose

A

tertiary

92
Q

mulberry like nasal muc osa

is seen in

A

hypertrophy rhinitis

93
Q

cause of atrophic rhinitis

A

klebsiella ozanae

94
Q

cause of

a atrophic rhinitis

A 
H hereditary
E
endocrinal estrogen deficiency R
racial factors 
N nutritional 
I infective 
autoimmunei..

ENT (5 decks)

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