PHRM Family Drugs + Major Prescription Drugs

Question 1

Janumet© (metformin/sitagliptin) XR

Answer 1

Indication: Type II diabetes. Two antihyperglycemic medications together.

Question 2

Crestor© (rosuvastatin)

Answer 2

Indication: Hyperlipidemia. Selective and competitive inhibitor of rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol synthesis.

Question 3

hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 3

Indications: Hypertension, edema. Blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl in distal tubule, increasing urine output.

Question 4

lisinopril

Answer 4

Indications: Heart failure, hypertension, kidney diseases, migraines. ACE inhibitor.

Question 5

Synthroid© (levothyroxine)

Answer 5

Indication: Hypothyroidism. Synthetic form of T4.

Question 6

Black cohosh

Answer 6

Indication: Menopausal symptoms.

Question 7

Concerta© (methylphenidate)

Answer 7

Indication: ADD/ADHD. CNS stimulant, blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine.

Question 8

Ventolin© (albuterol sulfate)

Answer 8

Indication: Bronchospasm/asthma. B2 receptor agonist – relaxes bronchial muscles.

Question 9

Vicodin© (Hydrocodone/Acetaminophen)

Answer 9

Indication: Relief of moderate-to-severe pain. Hydrocodone blocks opiate pain receptors and acetaminophen inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS.

Question 10

salicylic acid

Answer 10

Indication: Acne. Causes skin to shed.

Question 11

benzoyl peroxide

Answer 11

Indication: Acne. Releases free-radical oxygen which decreases anaerobic bacteria in follicles and irritating free fatty acids.

Question 12

penicillin

Answer 12

Indications: Upper respiratory infections, syphilis. Interferes with bacterial cell wall synthesis.

Question 13

EpiPen (Epinephrine)

Answer 13

Indications: Sensitivity reactions. Acts directly on both α- and β-adrenergic receptors.

Question 14

Claritin© (loratadine)

Answer 14

Indications: Allergic rhinitis and urticaria. Selective peripheral histamine receptor antagonist.

Question 15

Aristocort© (triamcinolone acetonide)

Answer 15

Indications: Corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictor actions through steroid receptor binding.

Question 16

ibuprofen

Answer 16

Indications: Pain and fever. Inhibits COX 1 and 2 enzymes, decreasing prostaglandin formation.

Question 17

alprazolam

Answer 17

Indications: Anxiety and panic disorder. Enhances inhibition of GABA-A receptors.

Question 18

Flomax© (tamsulosin hydrochloride)

Answer 18

Indication: Benign enlargement of the prostate. Antagonist of an adrenoceptor, leading to relaxation of smooth muscle around bladder neck and prostate, relieving symptoms.

Question 19

Fosamax© (alendronate)

Answer 19

Indication: Osteoporosis in postmenopausal females. Acts on osteoclasts to decrease bone resorption.

Question 20

Vitamin D3 (ergocalciferol)

Answer 20

Indications: Osteoporosis prevention, Vit D deficiency. The active metabolite of this provitamin stimulates calcium absorption from small intestine.

Question 21

Nitrostat (nitroglycerin)

Answer 21

Indications: Treatment or prevention of angina pectoris. Forms nitric oxide which causes vasodilation, decreasing demand on heart and increasing blood flow to ischemic regions.

Question 22

Toprol XL© (metoprolol)

Answer 22

Indications: Treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, or hemodynamically-stable acute myocardial infarction. Inhibits beta1-adrenergic receptors.

Question 23

Diovan© (valsartan)

Answer 23

Indications: Hypertension, post heart attack prevention, heart failure. Direct antagonist of the angiotensin II receptors.

Question 24

Lipitor© (atorvastatin)

Answer 24

Indications: Prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia. Inhibits rate-limiting step of cholesterol synthesis.

Question 25

Abilify(c) (ARIPiprazole)

Answer 25

Indications: Bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, irritability associated with autistic disorder.

Question 26

Nexium (Esomeprazole)

Answer 26

Indications: Gastric reflux. Proton pump inhibitor.

Question 27

Humira (Adalimumab)

Answer 27

Indications: Crohns disease, plaque psoriasis, multiple types of arthritis. Binds TNF-alpha and interferes with binding, decreasing associated inflammation.