Phrases, Clauses, and Sentences Flashcards
a phrase that begins with a preposition and usually ends with a noun or noun equivalent. The noun or noun equivalent in the phrase is the direction object of the ——-.
Ex: the tour guide gave us directions -to the museum-.
prepositional phrase
a phrase beginning with a verb form that DOES NOT function as the verb of a clause. phrases may be classified as participal, gerund, infinitive, depending on the form of the —- at the beginning of the phrase.
Ex: -Broken down-, the bus sat on the edge.
-Sunbathing in winter- is a good way of catching a cold
The protestors demanded the right -to vote- in the election.
verbal phrase
a group of words that has a subject and a predicate
clause
a group of words that form a complete thought and can stand alone. (like a sentence)
independent clause
a group of words that do not form a complete thought or are dependent on an independent clause.
subordinate clause
a type of subordinate clause that begins with a subordinating conjunction such as after, although, as, because, before, if, since, though, unless, when, whenever, and while. acts as an adverb, modifying the verb in a sentence.
Ex: Mary went to go get milk -while jessica napped under the tree-.
adverb clause
a type of subordinate clause that modifies nouns or pronouns, usually being with that, which, who, whom, and whose, and sometimes with when, where, why.
Ex: The company is a place -which she hasn’t worked before-.
adjective clause
a type of subordinate clause that acts like a single word noun, usually as a subject, subject complement, direct object, or object of a preposition. usually begin with that, which, who, whom, whose, whoever, whomever, what, whatever, whichever.
Ex: -Whomever went to the mall- is in big trouble.
noun clause
a group of words expressing a complete thought with a subject and a predicate.
sentence
a sentence that contains one subject and one predicate
simple
a sentence that contains two or more independent clauses
compound
a sentence that contains one independent clause and one or more subordinate clauses
complex
Which one is correct that represents consistent verb tenses?
A: Just as the boat departed from the pier, a passenger jumps into the water.
B: Just as the boat departed from the pier, a passenger jumped into the water.
B
If two or more ideas are listed in series, the form of the ideas should appear with the same grammatical form
parallelism
Which one is correct (parallelism)?
A: Jeremy love skiing, sailing, and to go ice skating.
B: Jeremy loves skiing, sailing, and ice skating.
B
an infinitive phrase that has modifiers between to and the base form of the verb. Sentences that contain a long word or phrase between the parts of the infinitive are usually awkward or unclear
split infinitives
Which is correct (split infinitives)?
A: If possible, the students should try to refrain from using the bathroom.
B: The students should try to if possible refrain from using the bathroom.
A
word of groups that fail to refer logically to a word in a sentence. To eliminated, determine the actor in the sentence. Then determine if any modifiers in the sentence refer logically to the actor.
dangling modifier
Which is correct (dangling modifier)?
A: Understanding the need to protect the basic rights of citizens, the Constitution created limits to governmental powers.
B: Understand the need to protect the basic rights of citizens, the framers of the Constitution created limits to governmental powers.
B
