Definitions of Parts of Speech Flashcards
A noun that describes a quality, state, or action
Ex: happiness, justice, fear
abstract noun
a noun or noun phrases that rename nouns or pronouns
Ex: The party hosts, Susan and Bobby, greeted the guests. Susan and Bobby are ——– because they rename host.
appositives
A pronoun that shows the receiver of an action. When it acts as a direct object, indirect object, or object of prep phrase.
Ex: Norman gave the letter to me. Me is the pronoun.
objective pronoun
Adjective typically go ________ the noun or pronoun they modify or follow a _______ verb.
before, linking
An adjective that follows a linking verb and describes the subject.
Ex: The students are intelligent. Intelligent is the adjective. (students = intelligent)
Predicate adjective
an adverb used in asking a question
Ex: how, when
interrogative adverb
an adverb that shows a comparison or degree
Ex: fast, faster, fastest
comparative adverb
A word or phrase that joins two INDEPENDENT clauses and indicates the relationship between clauses
Ex: Joan arrived for the first day of school on the bus; meanwhile, Anisha arrived in a taxi. Meanwhile is the word
conjunctive adverb
When joining two independent clauses with a ________ adverb, PREcede the adverb with a _______ and follow it with a _________
Ex: John promised me he would arrive by noon; however, he was quite late
conjunctive, semicolon, comma
An action verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning
Ex: The host escorts his guest to the head table. Escorts is the verb and guest is the direct object
transitive verb
An action verb with no direct object
Ex: The students cheered.
intransitive verb
A verb the indicates the verb tense, mood, or voice of a main verb. Comes before main verbs. Aka helping verbs.
Ex: I am sorry for what I have done. The verb is am.
auxiliary verb
Mood used to state facts, opinions, and questions. The verb expresses an action of state of being.
Ex: Dolphins are mammals; are is the verb
Indicative mood
A mood used to make a request or command. In present tense and makes direct call to action. Often the subject is the singular pronoun you.
Ex: Mop the floor; Mop is the verb
Imperative mood
Mood that expresses a wish or possibility. Usually uses verbs such as ask, insist, request, and suggest.
Ex: Donald suggested that Jerry spend more time with him; suggested is the verb
subjunctive mood
Formed by verb + ed, d, n, or t
shows: actions completed in the past
Ex: Replaced
past
Formed by verb + s
shows: action occurs in the present
Ex: cooks
present
Formed by will or shall + verb
shows: action that will happen in the future
Ex: will run
future
Formed by had + (past tense of the verb)
shows: Action completed in the past that comes before another action completed in the past.
Ex: Had replaced
past perfect
Formed by (has or have) + (past tense of verb)
shows: Action was completed in an indefinite time in the past. Action begun in the past that continues into the present.
Ex: Have jumped
present perfect
Formed by (will or shall) + have + past tense of the verb
shows: Action in the future that will happen before another action in the future
Ex: Will have lived
future perfect
Formed by (past tense of the verb to be) + (verb + ing)
shows: An ongoing action that took place in the past
past progressive
Formed by (is, am, are) + (verb + ing)
shows: an action that is presently in progress
Ex: I am cooking
present progressive
Formed by (will be or shall be) + (verb + ing)
shows: An ongoing action that will take place in the future
Ex: will be cooking
future progressive
Formed by had + been + (verb + ing)
shows: an ongoing action in the past interrupted by another past action
Ex: had been riding
past perfect progressive
Formed by (has or have) + been + (verb + ing)
shows: an ongoing action begun in the past that continues into the present
Ex: Have been reading
present perfect progressive
Formed by (will or shall) + have + been + (verb + ing)
shows: Future ongoing action that will be completed before a future stated time
Ex: will have been cooking
future perfect progressive
A conjunction that joins similar words, phrases, or clauses
Ex: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
coordinating conjunction
A conjunction that joins an independent clause and a dependent clause
Ex: whenever she goes to the place, she yells. Whenever is the conjunction
Subordinate conjunction
A coordinating conjunction that operates with a paired word or words
Ex: neither…..nor, either….or, both….and
correlative conjunction
Prepositional phrases that modify nouns are ________
Ex: The house -at the corner- is for sale.
adjectival prepositional phrases
Prepositional phrases that modify verbs are ________
Ex: Mary’s little lamb ran -to the house-.
adverbial prepositional phrases
A word that expresses some strong or sudden emotions. Often separated from the rest of the sentence by an exclamation point. Mild is usually offset with a comma
Ex: Wow! Well, I see you’ve grown.
interjection
verb form ending in ing or verb form ending in en or ed that functions as an adjective
participle
a present participle (verb from ending in ing) used as a noun
gerund
The infinitive form of a verb is the basic form of a verb. Infinitive verbs are often preceded by the word ____________
to
